Post by Dan on May 10, 2018 11:33:28 GMT
I had some fun at the end of this update.
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The KGB had not been idle, plans were made to extract, willingly or not, certain agents of theirs that were seen as high value and must be protected.On the otherhand, they had also determined that a number of those agents would have to be sacrificed in order to protect the others. There was a minor flaw in this plan - independently, a number of those that the Private Eye article had alerted, (while they had identified themselves from the articles, their colleagues had not), whom the KGB had identified as expendable, also began making plans to flee.
However, both Philby and Burgess remained in position, doing their best to deflect attention away from real agents, often onto innocent men whose careers would be destroyed, (The surviving people concerned, those that had stayed in England, were rehabilitated by Whitehall once post crisis investigations were completed, and compensation awarded, however, this number was in fact quite small, numbering no more than 20 or so out of the hundreds affected), while the guilty were either protected or given time to escape.
On the morning of Tuesday 3rd of July, Adam Shawcross, a cryptographer at GCHQ in Cheltenham, failed to arrive at work. He had telephoned in to his manager and advised that he had been suffering from a minor case of food poisoning. By mid-afternoon, he had caught the ferry from Dover to Calais, and that evening borded a flight under an assumed name with a false passport to Prague in Czechslovakia. The following morning, all sign of him ceased.
It wasn't until the evening of Thursday 5th of July that a work colleague went to Shawcross' home to find it unlocked and devoid of signs of life. His colleague immediately rang the Police and then his manager at GCHQ fearing that Shawcross had been kidnapped. While the Police worked on the basis that he was a missing person, his managers at GCHQ immediately began to check Shawcross' work and noticed that over 50 documents detailing British efforts to penetrate Chinese Naval signals were also missing. This changed things immediately, and officers from MI-5 began the task of questioning Shawcross' colleagues and surviving family to try to discover his intentions.
They were too late by a matter of three days.
Guy Burgess was as surprised as everyone else at the defection, Shawcross was not a name in his "other files".
Over the course of the years, a select team of officers fro MI-5 had been working directly under Burgess with the brief of identifying Warsaw Pact agents within the civil service and ministry of defence. The idea being to allow them to continue their work until such time when it would be required to "turn" them to feed false information to the enemy in a time of war.
Burgess had been involved breifly with the XX program during World War II, and was able to use this logic in order to get Prime Ministerial approval for this plan. The files created, were held solely by Burgess, no one else held access to them. Whether they were insulation against discovery or if he considrered them as an insurance policy in case of being discovered, we do not know, only that the files exist, and that they are scheduled for release from the former Soviet Archives in the CIS during the course of 2080 under the 100 year rule.
Shawcross was the first independent defector. The first "assisted" defector was not a KGB effort, but with their full blessings. Robert Van Der Grift, a senior civil servant in the Treasury, had been passing information to the Stasi. He had been blackmailed into it originally in order to facilitate the release of a cousin who had been held in East Germany on charges of espionage. The charges were dismissed 6 months after Van Der Grift agreed, however in order to continue his activities, he was offered "Compensation" from the Stasi for the suffering he had endured. Once the payment had been accepted, the blackmail continued, this time threatening to expose his duplicity.
Upon the release of the first article, Van Der Grift considered turning himself over and begging for mercy, until the public mood moved firmly against any suspected Soviet spy. Feeling that it was only a matter of time before the net closed, Van Der Grift asked his controllers for help.
The operators on the ground decided that a house fire would be a good way to delay any investigation and a date was planned. On Friday 3rd August, Robert Van Der Grift left the treasury office in Whitehall at 6.43pm. He was seen carrying a number of box files out of the building to a car provided by the Civil Service. It was not unusual at the time for senior civil servant to take confidential files home for the weekend to work on, so no comment was passed.
On the Saturday 4th August, he attended a function at the Conservative Club local to his home where he was seen to be drinking a significant amount, and at approximately 4.00am the next morning, a local Game Keeper contacted the emergency services after finding Van Der Grift's house well alight.
The house was a gutted shell by the time the Fire Brigade brought the fire under control, and the body of a late middle aged man approximately fitting Van Der Grift's description was recovered from the remains of the house, burnt beyond all recognition. A check of dental records noted that they matched the civil servant, however, a small tattoo on the inside of the arm of the body, a series of numbers, was missed during the post mortem examination, the only potential evidence that may have indicated that the body was not that of Robert Van Der Grift.
Van Der Grift was correct, the net had begun closing and there was nothing that Philby, Burgess, Blunt, Hollis, Cairncroft or any of the others could do about it.
Throughout August and into September, there was a steady stream of defections, and a steady stream of arrests. A few became public, most did not. Of those that did not become public, was the arrest of Anthony Blunt, the only one of the Cambridge Ring to face a court, at the end of September 1979.
With this arrest, first Philby, then Burgess resigned their posts.
This was spun by Margaret Thatcher as the final straw, and the Conservative leader tabled a motion of no confidence in the last government of Harold Wilson.
On Tuesday October 9th 1979, immediately after Prime Ministers Questions, the motion of no confidence was debated, Wilson, faced with jeers and cat calls, and having been informed by the whips that there was no realistic chance to win the vote, did not rise to defend himself or his government, instead, used his priviledge to speak last in the debate spoke to the house.
"It is with a heavy heart, that I must concur with the motion. In no way, has this governemnt set out to, nor willingly allowed itself to become influenced by, or beholden to, any foreign power. It is clear, that this government no longer holds the confidence of the house nor the people, and so this afternoon, I shall travel to the Palace, and seek leave from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II, to disolve Parliament forthwith, and resolve to hold a general election no later than Thursday 22nd of November 1979. Ladies and Gentlemen of the House, I thank you for your devotions".
The Speaker of the House, George Thomas, asked the leader of the opposition if she still wished to divide the house, on the news that Parliament was to be desolved, Mrs Thatcher declined, and parliamentary business was brought to a close for the day.
The evening editions of the newspapers carried the story - the government had fallen, election called. Almost immediately, the London Stock exchange fell nearly 5%, the Pound fell against the Dollar, from a high point that day of $2.20 to £1 down to as low as $1.77 to £1 before rallying by close of business to $2.01 to £1.
It was clear from the outset that the Wilson government and the Labour Party were going to face trouble, opinion polls put the Conservatives, who had promised strengthened security laws, and refused to counter Peter Singlewood's suggestion of a return of National Service, almost 10 points over the Liberal Party with Labour in a distant third, their projected vote share in single figures for the first time since before World War II.
Even in traditional Labour heartlands, the Industrial West Midlands, the Ship building North East, and the Coal mining areas, their lead was slipping against the Conservatives and Liberal Party. Only in the North West, in Liverpool, did they remain strong compared to any other party.
In the end, it was a massacre.
Sinn Fein won 3 seats, (but never took them), the Liberal Party took 11 seats, the Scottish National Party took 34, Labour managed just 127 seats giving the Conservatives and their Ulster Unionist Allies a total of 444 seats. Britain had it's first female prime minister in Margaret Thatcher, the country looked forward to a fresh start, however they were not expecting the manner in which a number of the new government intended to deliver it.
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Norman Tebbit – Home Secretary
The Lord Soames – Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord Chancellor
Ian Gilmour – Lord Privy Seal
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Teddy Taylor – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Norman St John-Stevas – Minister for the Arts and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Paul Singlewood – Secretary for Defence
Mark Carlisle – Secretary of State for Education and Science
James Prior – Secretary of State for Employment
David Howell – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Industry
John Biggs Davison – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Angus Maude – Paymaster-General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Nott – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
-----------------------------------------
The KGB had not been idle, plans were made to extract, willingly or not, certain agents of theirs that were seen as high value and must be protected.On the otherhand, they had also determined that a number of those agents would have to be sacrificed in order to protect the others. There was a minor flaw in this plan - independently, a number of those that the Private Eye article had alerted, (while they had identified themselves from the articles, their colleagues had not), whom the KGB had identified as expendable, also began making plans to flee.
However, both Philby and Burgess remained in position, doing their best to deflect attention away from real agents, often onto innocent men whose careers would be destroyed, (The surviving people concerned, those that had stayed in England, were rehabilitated by Whitehall once post crisis investigations were completed, and compensation awarded, however, this number was in fact quite small, numbering no more than 20 or so out of the hundreds affected), while the guilty were either protected or given time to escape.
On the morning of Tuesday 3rd of July, Adam Shawcross, a cryptographer at GCHQ in Cheltenham, failed to arrive at work. He had telephoned in to his manager and advised that he had been suffering from a minor case of food poisoning. By mid-afternoon, he had caught the ferry from Dover to Calais, and that evening borded a flight under an assumed name with a false passport to Prague in Czechslovakia. The following morning, all sign of him ceased.
It wasn't until the evening of Thursday 5th of July that a work colleague went to Shawcross' home to find it unlocked and devoid of signs of life. His colleague immediately rang the Police and then his manager at GCHQ fearing that Shawcross had been kidnapped. While the Police worked on the basis that he was a missing person, his managers at GCHQ immediately began to check Shawcross' work and noticed that over 50 documents detailing British efforts to penetrate Chinese Naval signals were also missing. This changed things immediately, and officers from MI-5 began the task of questioning Shawcross' colleagues and surviving family to try to discover his intentions.
They were too late by a matter of three days.
Guy Burgess was as surprised as everyone else at the defection, Shawcross was not a name in his "other files".
Over the course of the years, a select team of officers fro MI-5 had been working directly under Burgess with the brief of identifying Warsaw Pact agents within the civil service and ministry of defence. The idea being to allow them to continue their work until such time when it would be required to "turn" them to feed false information to the enemy in a time of war.
Burgess had been involved breifly with the XX program during World War II, and was able to use this logic in order to get Prime Ministerial approval for this plan. The files created, were held solely by Burgess, no one else held access to them. Whether they were insulation against discovery or if he considrered them as an insurance policy in case of being discovered, we do not know, only that the files exist, and that they are scheduled for release from the former Soviet Archives in the CIS during the course of 2080 under the 100 year rule.
Shawcross was the first independent defector. The first "assisted" defector was not a KGB effort, but with their full blessings. Robert Van Der Grift, a senior civil servant in the Treasury, had been passing information to the Stasi. He had been blackmailed into it originally in order to facilitate the release of a cousin who had been held in East Germany on charges of espionage. The charges were dismissed 6 months after Van Der Grift agreed, however in order to continue his activities, he was offered "Compensation" from the Stasi for the suffering he had endured. Once the payment had been accepted, the blackmail continued, this time threatening to expose his duplicity.
Upon the release of the first article, Van Der Grift considered turning himself over and begging for mercy, until the public mood moved firmly against any suspected Soviet spy. Feeling that it was only a matter of time before the net closed, Van Der Grift asked his controllers for help.
The operators on the ground decided that a house fire would be a good way to delay any investigation and a date was planned. On Friday 3rd August, Robert Van Der Grift left the treasury office in Whitehall at 6.43pm. He was seen carrying a number of box files out of the building to a car provided by the Civil Service. It was not unusual at the time for senior civil servant to take confidential files home for the weekend to work on, so no comment was passed.
On the Saturday 4th August, he attended a function at the Conservative Club local to his home where he was seen to be drinking a significant amount, and at approximately 4.00am the next morning, a local Game Keeper contacted the emergency services after finding Van Der Grift's house well alight.
The house was a gutted shell by the time the Fire Brigade brought the fire under control, and the body of a late middle aged man approximately fitting Van Der Grift's description was recovered from the remains of the house, burnt beyond all recognition. A check of dental records noted that they matched the civil servant, however, a small tattoo on the inside of the arm of the body, a series of numbers, was missed during the post mortem examination, the only potential evidence that may have indicated that the body was not that of Robert Van Der Grift.
Van Der Grift was correct, the net had begun closing and there was nothing that Philby, Burgess, Blunt, Hollis, Cairncroft or any of the others could do about it.
Throughout August and into September, there was a steady stream of defections, and a steady stream of arrests. A few became public, most did not. Of those that did not become public, was the arrest of Anthony Blunt, the only one of the Cambridge Ring to face a court, at the end of September 1979.
With this arrest, first Philby, then Burgess resigned their posts.
This was spun by Margaret Thatcher as the final straw, and the Conservative leader tabled a motion of no confidence in the last government of Harold Wilson.
On Tuesday October 9th 1979, immediately after Prime Ministers Questions, the motion of no confidence was debated, Wilson, faced with jeers and cat calls, and having been informed by the whips that there was no realistic chance to win the vote, did not rise to defend himself or his government, instead, used his priviledge to speak last in the debate spoke to the house.
"It is with a heavy heart, that I must concur with the motion. In no way, has this governemnt set out to, nor willingly allowed itself to become influenced by, or beholden to, any foreign power. It is clear, that this government no longer holds the confidence of the house nor the people, and so this afternoon, I shall travel to the Palace, and seek leave from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II, to disolve Parliament forthwith, and resolve to hold a general election no later than Thursday 22nd of November 1979. Ladies and Gentlemen of the House, I thank you for your devotions".
The Speaker of the House, George Thomas, asked the leader of the opposition if she still wished to divide the house, on the news that Parliament was to be desolved, Mrs Thatcher declined, and parliamentary business was brought to a close for the day.
The evening editions of the newspapers carried the story - the government had fallen, election called. Almost immediately, the London Stock exchange fell nearly 5%, the Pound fell against the Dollar, from a high point that day of $2.20 to £1 down to as low as $1.77 to £1 before rallying by close of business to $2.01 to £1.
It was clear from the outset that the Wilson government and the Labour Party were going to face trouble, opinion polls put the Conservatives, who had promised strengthened security laws, and refused to counter Peter Singlewood's suggestion of a return of National Service, almost 10 points over the Liberal Party with Labour in a distant third, their projected vote share in single figures for the first time since before World War II.
Even in traditional Labour heartlands, the Industrial West Midlands, the Ship building North East, and the Coal mining areas, their lead was slipping against the Conservatives and Liberal Party. Only in the North West, in Liverpool, did they remain strong compared to any other party.
In the end, it was a massacre.
Sinn Fein won 3 seats, (but never took them), the Liberal Party took 11 seats, the Scottish National Party took 34, Labour managed just 127 seats giving the Conservatives and their Ulster Unionist Allies a total of 444 seats. Britain had it's first female prime minister in Margaret Thatcher, the country looked forward to a fresh start, however they were not expecting the manner in which a number of the new government intended to deliver it.
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Norman Tebbit – Home Secretary
The Lord Soames – Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord Chancellor
Ian Gilmour – Lord Privy Seal
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Teddy Taylor – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Norman St John-Stevas – Minister for the Arts and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Paul Singlewood – Secretary for Defence
Mark Carlisle – Secretary of State for Education and Science
James Prior – Secretary of State for Employment
David Howell – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Industry
John Biggs Davison – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Angus Maude – Paymaster-General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Nott – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales