lordroel
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Post by lordroel on May 19, 2019 18:51:25 GMT
And here is the last list of immediate builds to come from shipyards in the Dominion for the Royal Canadian Navy:
Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Bonaventure (NCSM BONAVENTURE) (CV-23) Division de Renforcement des Réserves Navales - Arsenal Navale de l'Anse-des-Mères, VILLE DE QUÉBEC, Québec
Quartier Maritime de Navire - ESQUIMALT, British Columbia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Magnificent (HMCS MAGNIFICENT) (CV-24) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia
Ship's Home Port - HALIFAX, Nova Scotia
The Bonaventure-class aircraft carriers will be conventional versions of the French Charles de Galle-class nuclear powered fleet carriers; designs for this class were provided to the Royal Canadian Navy by the French naval attaché in Ottawa with permission of the down-time high command of the Marine Nationale at la Royale in Paris. Augmentation from the Naval Reserves would come from NCSM Montcalm for Bonaventure and HMCS Scotian for Magnificent. The air wings, crewed by personnel from 12 Canadian Air Group, would include a mix bag of freshly-built CF-188 Hornets from Boeing, an updated version of the CP-121 Tracker from Viking Air (built with turboprop engines to increase performance), a variation of the Tracker for carrier on-board delivery (designated the CC-121N) and the CH-148 Cyclone helicopter from Lockheed Martin for anti-submarine and search-and-rescue duties. The hangar decks of both carriers will be large enough to take the CH-147 Chinhook in a pinch should requirements demand it. Heavy automation would allow crew sizes to be reduced and naval aviation experts from Britain and the United States would be welcomed aboard to allow expertise in carrier operations to be impressed on Canadian crews. Commanding the ships would be full captains (navy) of the naval warfare officer (ex-maritime surface/sub-surface officer) trade; the air wings would be commanded by colonels from the Air Force. The overall formation commanders over the combined ship/air wing group will either be RCN commodores or RCAF brigadier-generals.
First another good update pyeknuSecond why was the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier not picked, is it because she was at the time of Canada movement back to 1939 still under construction and thus they did not know if it was a good design ore was the design not known to the Canadians.
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 19, 2019 18:59:19 GMT
First another good update pyeknu Second why was the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier not picked, is it because she was at the time of Canada movement back to 1939 still under construction and thus they did not know if it was a good design ore was the design not known to the Canadians. redrobin65 would have to answer that one, friend. He made the call.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on May 19, 2019 19:05:54 GMT
First another good update pyeknu Second why was the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier not picked, is it because she was at the time of Canada movement back to 1939 still under construction and thus they did not know if it was a good design ore was the design not known to the Canadians. redrobin65 would have to answer that one, friend. He made the call. Okay, thanks for the explanation.
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stevep
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Post by stevep on May 19, 2019 21:13:31 GMT
pyeknu OK thanks for clarifying on the construction plans.
On the nuclear issue while a lot of Soviet spies will be routed out those will be the ones known about. However a hell of a lot of details about nuclear weapons design and development is now pretty much common knowledge in 2018 and an ordinary local library will probably supply a hell of a lot of what's needed to simplify their production. Still going to be a huge job and a lot of the details about warhead design are still secret so early designs, as OTL are likely to be primitive and simplistic but they will probably come pretty quickly.
If Canada doesn't develop nuclear weapons then it will have to depend on others to provide a deterrent to protect it as OTL. This is almost certainly going to have to be the US. Both because baring something dramatic it will be the big power in the west and also it won't welcome any other power having close links with Canada and definitely not a power its not closely allied to having bases let alone nukes in Canada.
The other option is that their relocation to a somewhat more dangerous world might provide the impulse that results in Canada being willing to maintain its own deterrent force. Unlikely I suspect but not impossible.
Steve
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 20, 2019 10:39:34 GMT
Good points all around. As to the nuclear question, that's up to redrobin65 in the end.
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 20, 2019 21:56:52 GMT
Finally, the last and most important element of the regular forces in the Navy...
MARITIME FORCES NORTH/FORCES MARITIMES DU NORD
Rear Admiral Commanding Maritime Forces North/Contre-Amiral Commandant des Forces Maritimes du Nord (RADM COMMARNOR/CAM COMFMARNOR) Headquarters (Forward)/Quartier-Général (Avant) - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Headquarters (Rear)/Quartier-Général (Arrière) - National Defence Headquarters, OTTAWA, Ontario His Majesty's Canadian Ship Peary/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Peary (HMCS PEARY/NCSM PEARY) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Operations Division/Division des Opérations Personnel Administration Division/Division d'Administration du Personnel Chaplain Team/Équipe des Aumôniers Construction Engineering Division/Division du Génie de Construction Logistics Division/Division des Logistiques Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Division/Division du Génie Électrique et Mécanique His Majesty's Canadian Ship Baillarge/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Baillarge (HMCS BAILLARGE/NCSM BAILLARGE) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Naval Radio Section Peary/Section de Radio Naval Peary Supplementary Radio Section Alert/Section de Radio Supplémentaire Alert - Canadian Forces Station Alert, ALERT, Nunavut Supplementary Radio Section Sirmilik/Section de Radio Supplémentaire Sirmilik - Sirmilik National Park, SIRMILIK, Nunavut Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Hay/Installation de Maintenance de la Flotte Cape Hay (FMF CAPE HAY/IMF CAPE HAY) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Fleet Maintenance Division/Division de Maintenance de la Flotte Naval Engineering Division/Division du Génie Naval Ship Repair Division/Division de Réparation Navale King's Harbour Master Nanisivik/Capitaine de Port de Sa Majesté Nanisivik (KHM NANISIVIK/CPSM NANISIVIK) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Peary Band of Maritime Forces North/Musique Peary des Forces Maritimes du Nord (PEARY BAND/MUS PEARY) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Canadian Forces Base Nanisivik/Base des Forces Canadiennes Nanisivik (CFB NANISIVIK/BFC NANISIVIK) Base Headquarters/Quartier-Général de Base - NANISIVIK, Nunavut
Given the rather advanced but ultimately necessary requirement to secure the Arctic frontier from future Soviet incursion into the Dominion's waters, the Navy would take the chance to turn the Nanisivik Naval Facility located in an arm of Admiralty Inlet at the west end of Baffin Island into a full-fledged naval base, the most northerly of all in the Canadian Forces (remember that CFS Alert at the northern end of Ellesmere Island is just a station, not a full base). And while staff requirements would shift according to the seasons and being posted to CFB Nanisivik or any of its integral or lodger units would be automatically treated as a "hardship" post (where families would NOT be allowed to move with service members to the location), there would be a permanent presence at the western end of Baffin Island - and by extension the whole of the Northwest Passages - from the moment the station is commissioned onward.
For the first while until permanent living quarters and support structures are established, postings at Nanisivik would last as long as they do at Alert; six months on site before returning south. Once permanent structures are put into place, such postings would extend to one year with the right to renew for single service personnel permitted. To assist in the construction of the base and its facilities, 196 Construction Engineer Regiment (Western Universities) would be established by the Canadian Military Engineers at Winnipeg as a reserve support unit to Maritime Forces North, manned with personnel trained to operate in harsh conditions. More about the regiment will be revealed when the elements of the Naval Reserve dedicated to supporting Nanisivik and its mission are discussed in a future post.
Commanding Maritime Forces North from either the forward location at Nanisivik or the rear location at NDHQ Ottawa/HMCS Bytown would be a rear admiral. This is because the eventual size of the forces assigned to patrol the Arctic would be considerably smaller than either the forces in the Atlantic or the Pacific. While the final plan is to have nuclear powered submarines operate up north to guarantee sovereignty (while deployed from CF Bases Cornwallis and Prince Rupert to prevent wear and tear on the hulls), the majority of the Northern Fleet would be support vessels who would most likely be assigned to aide to the civilian power missions, supporting the Canadian Coast Guard and the authorities of the northern territories and the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario and Québec with icebreaking support to allow supplies to be moved into remote villages on the coasts of Hudson Bay and James Bay, to say anything of the various Arctic islands.
Acting as the full administrative organ for CFB Nanisivik is His Majesty's Canadian Ship Peary, named in honour of RADM Robert E. Peary of the United States Navy's civil engineer corps; he was the first explorer to reach the geographic North Pole in the mid-spring of 1909. When she is commissioned, Admiral Peary's widow Josephine Diebitsch Peary (the admiral had passed on in 1920) would be invited to come north and command the plank owner crew of her husband's namesake ship to "Man our ship and bring her to life!" When fully operational, Peary would have all the amenities that HMC Ships Stadacona and Naden offer personnel based at CF Bases Halifax and Esquimalt respectively.
Atop supporting the Northern Fleet's ships and shore-based units, Peary would also support the Army's Canadian Armed Forces Arctic Training Centre located at the Natural Resources Canada facility at Resolute (Qausuittuq) on Cornwallis Island about 250 kilometres to the west-northwest of Nanisivik; CAFATC is the main training centre for all military personnel to carry out their duties in the now-harsher environment of the Arctic. Despite it being considered a lodger unit to Peary and administratively answerable to the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre in Kingston, CAFATC would become the basic Arctic survival training facility for all personnel to be posted to Nanisivik or Alert in the future, regardless of branch of service.
While still administratively part of the Air Force's 8 Wing in Trenton, Canadian Forces Station Alert and its integral unit, 81 Signal Intelligence Squadron, would become lodger units of Peary. Once a permanent icebreaker fleet is commissioned and in place, an extra option towards shipping equipment and supplies to the "Frozen Chosen" at the top of Ellesmere Island not 817 kilometres from the geographic North Pole comes into play: Sending the heavy supplies via icebreaker. Even more, Nanisivik's airport (which had been closed down in 2011 when local civilian service was transferred to nearby Arctic Bay) would become the forward staging area for Operation Boxtop, the twice-a-year resupply of Alert done in April and October; back in 2018, the Royal Canadian Air Force had the right to use the USAF's Thule Air Base on the shores of Greenland's Wolstenholme Fjord emptying into the northern reaches of Baffin Bay to get supplies to Alert. Of course, the agreement Danish ambassador to the United States Henrik Kauffmann made to see to Greenland's protection from the Nazis did happen and the American armed forces are moving to set up their weather posts in Greenland. In a spiritual act of reciprocation to the Americans for the use of Thule's facilities in another history, the Canadian Forces would permit the Americans to use Nanisivik to serve as an air resupply point to their new bases in the Danish Arctic colony.
The only other stone frigate assigned to Maritime Forces North would be His Majesty's Canadian Ship Baillarge, the area communications unit. Based at Nanisivik, Baillarge would have transmitter and receiver sites sited in Sirmilik National Park, located on Bylot Island just off the northern shores of Baffin Island about a hundred kilometres east of north from Nanisivik; the nearest civilian port to Bylot is Pond Inlet (Mittimatalik), which is sited just to the southeast of Bylot. As for the communications intelligence facility, Baillarge would maintain a detachment at Alert working hand-in-hand with 81 Squadron when it comes to monitoring all signals transmitting through the north. Baillarge takes her name from the bay of the same name about thirty kilometres north of Nanisivik; in that, she would follow the trend of her sister communications units HMC Ships Trinity and Maple, both of whom are named after bays (the former in Newfoundland as noted before, the latter being a bay in the lower Cowichan Valley on Vancouver Island in British Columbia).
The main maintenance unit at Nanisivik would be Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Hay, which is named after the most northern point on Bylot Island. Unlike its sister facilities elsewhere, FMF Cape Hay would only have the abilities to do temporary repairs on damaged ships; there wouldn't be any drydock facilities at Nanisivik, not even a handy synchrolift for the submarines meant to deploy from there in the future.
Because of that, King's Harbour Master Nanisivik would be concerned only with ship movements heading in and out of Admiralty Inlet. It would be supplied with two ice-hardened heavy tugs soon to be built at Ocean Industries in Québec. Most likely until weather conditions improve (if they will), said tugs would be sent south to winter in warmer harbours when the ice cover in the Northwest Passages would become too thick to allow transit.
Given how lonely it would be at Nanisivik, having a band based there would be seen as quite necessary. The Peary Band of Maritime Forces North would take up that task as the musicial ambassadors for the Navy, able to travel when permitted to other remote locations like Alert and the northern villages in Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.
(Note that the badge of MARFORNOR was modified from the MARFORPAC badge by myself, with shifts of colour to represent the different environment that the Navy would confront in the North as well as adding stars to signify the midnight sky during the winter months)
And now, to help flesh out the Navy's forces in the North...
CANADIAN NORTHERN FLEET/FLOTTE CANADIENNE DU NORD
FIRST CANADIAN SUBMARINE SQUADRON/PREMIÈRE ESCADRON CANADIEN DE SOUS-MARINES MARITIME OPERATIONS GROUP ONE/PREMIÈRE GROUPE DES OPÉRATIONS MARITIMES
Commodore Commanding Canadian Northern Fleet/Commodore Commandant de la Flotte Canadienne du Nord (CMDRE CANCOMNORFLT/CMDRE COMFLOTCANNOR) Commodore, First Canadian Submarine Squadron/Commodore de la Première Escadron Canadien de Sous-Marines (CMDRE CANSUBRON ONE/CMDRE 1re ESCCANSM) Headquarters, First Maritime Operations Group/Quartier-Général de la Première Groupe des Opérations Maritimes (HQ MOG ONE/QG 1re GOM) Headquarters (Forward)/Quartier-Général (Avant) - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Headquarters (Rear)/Quartier-Général (Arrière) - National Defence Headquarters, OTTAWA, Ontario His Majesty's Canadian Ship Johnson (HMCS JOHNSON) (AWS-670) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - CAMBRIDGE, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - Catharine Street Naval Arsenal, HAMILTON, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia
While plans for Canada's future nuclear submarine force are just at the basic talking stage now, preparations for such an eventuality are well underway. Reformed as the overall command and control element for the Navy's silent service would be the First Canadian Submarine Squadron, which was formed in 1966 and served on the Atlantic coast until it was absorbed into the Fifth Maritime Operations Group thirty years later. Again to prepare for such an expansion into the Arctic with fully-capable submarines, CANSUBRON ONE would be reformed, its commander being given the secondary task of commanding First Maritime Operations Group, which would take responsibility for all Naval operations occurring in waters north of 60° on the Atlantic coast and in ALL waters of Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay and James Bay. Headquarters would be divided into a forward and rear staff as much as the headquarters of Maritime Forces North would be divided between Nanisivik and NDHQ in Ottawa.
To act as the main support ship to MOG 1 as well as the effective flagship of all northern Navy operations would be His Majesty's Canadian Ship Johnson, first of her type of modified Sedna-class icebreakers tasked to serve as a submarine depot ship. Named in honour of the first Canadian submariner to be decorated, LCdr Bernard L. "Barney" Johnson DSO (who gained his award thanks to service on HMS H8 during the Great War), Johnson would be constantly on call to aid northern communities in distress as well as lead in icebreaking duties to allow cargo ships to get supplies to said communities. Her Naval Reserve augmentation crew and initial commissioning crew would rise from HMCS Conestoga. As for home ports, she would effectively deploy out of Fleet Maintenance Facility Niagara's Hamilton docks during the summertime to make the initial trip to Nanisivik each season to carry out her necessary work; in winter months, she would spend her time at Fleet Maintenance Facility Protector's docks at Sydney, ready to head north if required.
(Note that the badge for MOG 1 was modified from the original CANSUBRON ONE badge by myself)
As for the main support forces in the North...
FLEET DIVING GROUP CENTRE/GROUPE DE PLONGÉE DE LA FLOTTE DU CENTRE
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Begley/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Begley (HMCS BEGLEY/NCSM BEGLEY) Commander, Fleet Diving Group Centre/Capitaine de Frégate, Groupe de Plongée de la Flotte du Centre (CDR FDGCENT/CAPF GPFCENT) Headquarters (Forward)/Quartier-Général (Avant) - Peary Barracks, NANISIVIK, Nunavut Headquarters (Rear)/Quartier-Général (Arrière) - Astra Barracks, TRENTON, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Trenton Fleet Diving Unit Algoma (FDU ALGOMA) Headquarters - SAULT SAINTE MARIE, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Bruce (FDU BRUCE) Headquarters - KINCARDINE, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Durham (FDU DURHAM) Headquarters - OSHAWA, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Essex (FDU ESSEX) Headquarters - WINDSOR, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Georgian (FDU GEORGIAN) Headquarters - PARRY SOUND, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Grey (FDU GREY) Headquarters - OWEN SOUND, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Hamilton (FDU HAMILTON) Headquarters - BURLINGTON, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Kent (FDU KENT) Headquarters - CHATHAM-KENT, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Lambton (FDU LAMBTON) Headquarters - SARNIA, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Long Point (FDU LONG POINT) Headquarters - SIMCOE, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Long Sault/Unité de Plongée de la Flotte de Long-Sault (FDU LONG SAULT/UPF LONG-SAULT) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - CORNWALL, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Lower Ottawa/Unité de Plongée de la Flotte du Bas-Outauoais (FDU LOWER OTTAWA/UPF BAS-OUTAOUAIS) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - Orléans Naval Arsenal, OTTAWA, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Nipissing (FDU NIPISSING) Headquarters - NORTH BAY, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Peel (FDU PEEL) Headquarters - Port Credit Naval Arsenal, MISSISSAUGA, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Thunder Bay (FDU THUNDER BAY) Headquarters - GREENSTONE, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Toronto (FDU TORONTO) Headquarters - Mimico Naval Arsenal, TORONTO, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Trent-Severn (FDU TRENT-SEVERN) Headquarters - PETERBOROUGH, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Upper Ottawa/Unité de Plongée de la Flotte du Haut-Outaouais (FDU UPPER OTTAWA/UPF HAUT-OUTAOUAIS) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - PEMBROKE, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit Welland (FDU WELLAND) Headquarters - WELLAND, Ontario Fleet Diving Unit York (FDU YORK) Headquarters - GEORGINA, Ontario
The Navy diver unit assigned for Maritime Forces North would also double as the support diving force for Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, especially when it comes to the Maritime Tactical Operations Group that would serve as the Navy's rough equivalent to the American SEAL teams still to come many years in the future; of course, Fleet Diving Group Central would also gladly support other elements of CANSOFCOM such as Joint Task Force Two and the Canadian Special Operations Regiment whenever required. To ensure a seamless operational relationship, His Majesty's Canadian Ship Begley would be co-located with HMCS Wright at CFB Trenton, though the former unit would also have a forward staff based out of Nanisivik. Begley is named in tribute to Flight Sergeant Orville Begley of the Royal Canadian Air Force, who would be one of the few of the "junior service" granted the right to train as a diver with the Navy at HMCS Naden in Esquimalt well before Unification. All fleet diving units assigned to Begley would, atop doing their normal duties of preparing ship's divers and port inspection divers as well as support combat diver training for the Army and search and rescue technician training for the Air Force, specifically train to operate in the high Arctic when required.
Fleet Diving Group Centre would be the first of the regional FDGs to be assigned diving support ships, the Sedna-class icebreakers. Said craft, built to Polar Class 2 standards, would be constructed to a modified Aiviq-class icebreaker as noted before. Said ships would be equipped to serve primarily as icebreakers and diving support ships; they would also be fitted with defensive weapons (the same outfit as the Harry DeWolf-class would receive) to allow them to serve as auxiliary patrol ships in northern waters. All eight of the basic Sedna-class ships would be built at Fleet Maintenance Facility Niagara at Port Weller and Fleet Maintenance Facility Thunder Bay at the Superior Lakehead after the last of the Anticosti-class mine warfare vessels would leave the yards; as soon as their own drydocks are built/refurbished by 1 Construction Engineer Regiment from Toronto and 238 Construction Engineer Regiment from Windsor (the primary CME elements assigned to the Naval Reserves in Ontario), Fleet Maintenance Facility Georgian Bay (at Collingwood) and Fleet Maintenance Facility Oshawa would assist in building components of each ship for final assembly at the Port Weller and Port Arthur shipyards.
Command and control of the Sedna-class icebreakers would fall always to First Maritime Operations Group.
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Sedna (HMCS SEDNA) (AWPD-650) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - BARRIE, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - COLLINGWOOD, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - CHARLOTTETOWN, Prince Edward Island Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté A'akuluuujjusi (NCSM A'AKULUUJJUSI) (AWPD-651) Division de Renforcement des Réserves Navales - CORNWALL, Ontario Quartier Maritime de Navire en Été - PRESCOTT, Ontario Quartier Maritime de Navire en Hiver - BATHURST, New Brunswick His Majesty's Canadian Ship Arnapkapfaaluk (HMCS ARNAPKAPFAALUK) (AWPD-652) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - Catharine Street Naval Arsenal, HAMILTON, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - Port Weller Naval Annex, SAINT CATHARINES, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - SAINT JOHN, New Brunswick Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Kadlu (NCSM KADLU) (AWPD-653) Division de Renforcement des Réserves Navales - Orléans Naval Arsenal, OTTAWA, Ontario Quartier Maritime de Navire en Été - PRESCOTT, Ontario Quartier Maritime de Navire en Hiver - BATHURST, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Nujalik (HMCS NUJALIK) (AWPD-654) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - Port Credit Naval Arsenal, MISSISSAUGA, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - Port Lands Naval Arsenal, TORONTO, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - BAIE-COMEAU, Québec His Majesty's Canadian Ship Nuliajuk (HMCS NULIAJUK) (AWPD-655) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - WINDSOR, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - WINDSOR, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Pinga (HMCS PINGA) (AWPD-656) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - Ramsey Lake Naval Arsenal, SUDBURY, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - Fort William Naval Annex, THUNDER BAY, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - CHARLOTTETOWN, Prince Edward Island His Majesty's Canadian Ship Qailertetang (HMCS QAILERTETANG) (AWPD-657) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - WELLAND, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Summer) - Port Weller Naval Annex, SAINT CATHARINES, Ontario Ship's Home Port (Winter) - BATHURST, Nova Scotia
The namesakes of each of the Sedna-class all come, as stated before, from various Inuit deities. Sedna is named after the goddess of the sea and marine animals as well as the underworld in Inuit mythos; she is perhaps the most well known of Inuit deities. A'akuluuujjusi is named after the primordial creator goddess to the Inuit, who created animals from her clothes to feed the people. Arnapkapfaaluk got her name from Sedna's darker counterpart in the eyes of the Inuit of the Coronation Gulf area between Victoria Island and the mainland; this particular goddess would ensure hunts for animals would be unsuccessful if certain taboos were broken. Kadlu is named after one of a trinity of weather goddesses; she controls thunder. Nujalik would be named in honour of the goddess of hunting on land. Nuliajuk is named after the equivalent of Arnapkapfaaluk to the Inuit of Gjoa Haven (Uqsuqtuuq) on King William Island west of the Boothia Peninsula to the east of Coronation Gulf. Pinga gets her name from the goddess of medicine and fertility who ALSO serves as the guide of souls to the underworld. And Qailertetang gets her name from a goddess who cares for animals, fishers, and hunters, and who controls the weather; she is also Sedna's companion at the bottom of the sea.
Next: The first entry concerning the Naval Reserves!
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Post by redrobin65 on May 20, 2019 22:46:20 GMT
Second why was the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier not picked, is it because she was at the time of Canada movement back to 1939 still under construction and thus they did not know if it was a good design ore was the design not known to the Canadians. The Charles de Gaulle is a proven design that has seen combat. In addition, it is 42,000 tonnes compared to the Queen Elizabeth's 72,000 tonnes, making it easier to build. The difference in size between the two carriers doesn't have too much of an impact on the aircraft carried, as well.
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 21, 2019 11:01:48 GMT
And finally, the true core of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve!
Because of the massive expansion of the Naval Reserve after the Shift, this ORBAT will be broken down into various parts to make it easier to digest. We'll start today with the headquarters forces and the main support group given to the Naval Reserve by the Canadian Military Engineers, plus the special naval security forces to be raised by the Naval Reserve in support of the regular fleet and shore installations.
You know the drill. Let's begin...
NAVAL RESERVE/LA RÉSERVE NAVALE
Rear Admiral Commanding Naval Reserve/Contre-Amiral Commandant de la Réserve Navale (RADM COMNAVRES/CAM COMRÉSNAV) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - Complexe Naval de Pointe-à-Carcy, VILLE DE QUÉBEC, Québec Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Frontenac/His Majesty's Canadian Ship Frontenac (NCSM FRONTENAC/HMCS FRONTENAC) Division de Quartier-Général/Headquarters Division - Complexe Naval de Pointe-à-Carcy, VILLE DE QUÉBEC, Québec Section de Radio Navale/Naval Radio Section Division des Opérations Navales/Naval Operations Division Division de Génie Naval/Naval Engineering Division Division d'Appui/Supply Division Division d'Administration/Administration Division Division d'Entraînement Maritime/Sea Training Division
As stated before, the commander of the Naval Reserve would find herself promoted to rear admiral after the Shift and the order was given to begin a massive expansion that not even the pre-Unification Volunteer Naval Reserve active in World War Two IOTL could ever have imagined. Realizing right away that support for the Navy couldn't be solicited to the public when there were only just twenty-four naval reserve units located in the large cities across the Dominion, Rear Admiral Marta Mulkins would commence a project by which every census subdivision would realistically possess a Naval Reserve unit or sub-unit to be at most division-sized; this would be the Naval equivalent of platoon size in the Army (about 50 officers and non-commissioned members maximum). This would allow not only for convenient training of personnel much closer to home than beforehand, but give the people of Canada the belief that every part of the country was contributing to the Navy's success. Like the Militia would the Canadian Army, the primary rôle of the Naval Reserves was to provide crew augmentation for Regular Force warships, especially the Kingston-class coastal defence vessels who would be pressed into ocean patrol duties well beyond their capacity as the war against the Nazis progressed. Each active naval reserve unit would become the nexus of a district flotilla that would create new units (to be commissioned as His Majesty's Canadian Ships, no different than the original twenty-four units existing before the Shift) that would form a full cornucopia of forces to support all elements of the Navy, including commands such as the Health Services Group, the Military Police Group and the Intelligence Command.
To help control and direct this incredible increase of forces, the headquarters staff of the Naval Reserve would have to expand to become its own "flagship", such being christened Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Frontenac in honour of one of New France's more well known governor generals, Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau, who controlled the colony in two periods during the latter part of the Seventeenth Century. The name would reprise that of a modified Flower-class corvette that served in the Navy in World War Two IOTL; the warship was actually named in honour of Kingston in Ontario, but was changed in case a HMS Kingston would have been commissioned in the Royal Navy (and it also marked Frontenac County, in which Kingston was located). Naturally, the new Frontenac would inherit the original ship's battle honour Atlantic 1944-45. Naturally, Frontenac would be structured in the same manner as other "flagship" stone frigates such as HMC Ships Stadacona and Naden. Because of this, NCSM Montcalm (Ville de Québec's resident Naval Reserve unit) would have to relocate to new headquarters up the Saint Lawrence about a kilometre away from the Pointe-à-Carcy Naval Complex; a new headquarters unit for Montcalm would be constructed at l'Anse-des-Mères just below the Plains of Abraham and la Citadelle.
To help house all the new units and sub-units, you had to call in the experts...
NAVAL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER GROUP
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Melville/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Melville (HMCS MELVILLE/NCSM MELVILLE) Commodore, Naval Construction Engineer Group/Commodore de la Groupe du Génie de Construction Navale (CMDRE NAVCONSTENGP/CMDRE GPGÉNCONNAV) Headquarters Troop/Troupe de Quartier-Général - CHILLIWACK, British Columbia Signal Troop/Troupe des Transmissions Engineer Operations Troop/Troupe des Opérations de Génie Engineer Training Troop/Troupe d'Entraînement de Génie Supply Troop/Troupe d'Appui Administration Troop/Troupe d'Administration 1 Construction Engineer Regiment/1re Régiment du Génie de Construction (1 CONST ENG REGT/1re RÉGT GÉNIE CONST) Regiment Headquarters/Quartier-Général du Régiment - Mimico Naval Arsenal, TORONTO, Ontario "L" Squadron (Support)/Escadron "L" (Appui) "A" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "A" (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "B" (Construction) - Port Credit Naval Arsenal, MISSISSAUGA, Ontario "C" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "C" (Construction) - BURLINGTON, Ontario "D" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "D" (Construction) - OSHAWA, Ontario "E" Squadron (Survey)/Escadron "E" (Arpentage) - Dows Lake Naval Arsenal, OTTAWA, Ontario "F" Squadron (Distribution)/Escadron "F" (Distribution) - Fort George Naval Arsenal, NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, Ontario "G" Squadron (Generating Systems)/Escadron "G" (Groupes Électrique) - PICKERING, Ontario "H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating)/Escadron "H" (Plomberie et Chauffage) - COBOURG, Ontario "J" Squadron (Refrigeration)/Escadron "J" (Réfrigération) - NAPANEE, Ontario "K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment)/Escadron "K" (Eau, Products Pétroliers et Environnement) - Catharine Street Naval Arsenal, HAMILTON, Ontario 2 Construction Engineer Regiment/2e Régiment du Génie de Construction (2 CONST ENG REGT/2e RÉGT GÉNIE CONST) Regiment Headquarters/Quartier-Général du Régiment - PICTOU, Nova Scotia "L" Squadron (Support)/Escadron "L" (Appui) "A" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "A" (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "B" (Construction) - TRURO, Nova Scotia "C" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "C" (Construction) - ARGENTIA, Newfoundland and Labrador Escadron "D" (Construction)/"D" Squadron (Construction) - DIEPPE, New Brunswick "E" Squadron (Survey)/Escadron "E" (Arpentage) - SACKVILLE, New Brunswick "F" Squadron (Distribution)/Escadron "F" (Distribution) - SAINT JOHN'S, Newfoundland and Labrador Escadron "G" (Groupes Électrique)/"G" Squadron (Generating Systems) - CARLETON-SUR-MER, Québec Escadron "H" (Plomberie et Chauffage)/"H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating) - RIMOUSKI, Québec Escadron "J" (Réfrigération)/"J" Squadron (Refrigeration) - MONT-JOLI, Québec Escadron "K" (Eau, Products Pétroliers et Environnement)/"K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment) - LÉVIS, Québec 194 Construction Engineer Regiment (Alberta Regiment) (194 CONST ENG REGT) Regiment Headquarters - Clareview Naval Arsenal, EDMONTON, Alberta "L" Squadron (Support) "A" Squadron (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction) - GRANDE PRAIRIE, Alberta "C" Squadron (Construction) - FORT SASKATCHEWAN, Alberta "D" Squadron (Construction) - LEDUC, Alberta "E" Squadron (Survey) - ROCKY MOUNTAIN HOUSE, Alberta "F" Squadron (Distribution) - RED DEER, Alberta "G" Squadron (Generating Systems) - Auburn Bay Arsenal, CALGARY, Alberta "H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating) - AIRDRIE, Alberta "J" Squadron (Refrigeration) - OKOTOKS, Alberta "K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment) - LETHBRIDGE, Alberta 196 Construction Engineer Regiment (Western Universities)/196e Régiment du Génie de Construction (Universités Occidentales) (196 CONST ENG REGT/196e RÉGT GÉNIE CONST) Regiment Headquarters/Quartier-Général du Régiment - Mynarski Naval Arsenal, WINNIPEG, Manitoba "L" Squadron (Support)/Escadron "L" (Appui) "A" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "A" (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "B" (Construction) - STEINBACH, Manitoba "C" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "C" (Construction) - Southport Naval Arsenal, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, Manitoba "D" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "D" (Construction) - KENORA, Ontario "E" Squadron (Survey)/Escadron "E" (Arpentage) - Falconbridge Naval Arsenal, SUDBURY, Ontario "F" Squadron (Distribution)/Escadron "F" (Distribution) - LAC DU BONET, Manitoba "G" Squadron (Generating Systems)/Escadron "G" (Groupes Électrique) - Wascana Naval Arsenal, REGINA, Saskatchewan "H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating)/Escadron "H" (Plomberie et Chauffage) - Corman Park Naval Arsenal, SASKATOON, Saskatchewan "J" Squadron (Refrigeration)/Escadron "J" (Réfrigération) - Bushell Park Naval Arsenal, MOOSE JAW, Saskatchewan "K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment)/Escadron "K" (Eau, Products Pétroliers et Environnement) - Dundurn Magazine, DUNDURN, Saskatchewan 211 Construction Engineer Regiment (American Rangers) (211 CONST ENG REGT) Regiment Headquarters - Guildford Naval Arsenal, SURREY, British Columbia "L" Squadron (Support) "A" Squadron (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction) - 56 Avenue Naval Arsenal, SURREY, British Columbia "C" Squadron (Construction) - Mitchell Island Naval Arsenal, VANCOUVER, British Columbia "D" Squadron (Construction) - Deer Lake Naval Arsenal, BURNABY, British Columbia "E" Squadron (Survey) - Jericho Naval Arsenal, VANCOUVER, British Columbia "F" Squadron (Distribution) - COQUITLAM, British Columbia "G" Squadron (Generating Systems) - MAPLE RIDGE, British Columbia "H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating) - CHILLIWACK, British Columbia "J" Squadron (Refrigeration) - ABBOTSFORD, British Columbia "K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment) - MISSION, British Columbia 238 Construction Engineer Regiment/238e Régiment du Génie de Construction (238 CONST ENG REGT/238e RÉGT GÉNIE CONST) Regiment Headquarters/Quartier-Général du Régiment - WINDSOR, Ontario "L" Squadron (Support)/Escadron "L" (Appui) "A" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "A" (Construction) "B" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "B" (Construction) - CHATHAM-KENT, Ontario "C" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "C" (Construction) - Highbury Naval Arsenal, LONDON, Ontario "D" Squadron (Construction)/Escadron "D" (Construction) - WOODSTOCK, Ontario "E" Squadron (Survey)/Escadron "E" (Arpentage) - GUELPH, Ontario "F" Squadron (Distribution)/Escadron "F" (Distribution) - BARRIE, Ontario "G" Squadron (Generating Systems)/Escadron "G" (Groupes Électrique) - BRADFORD, Ontario "H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating)/Escadron "H" (Plomberie et Chauffage) - HUNTSVILLE, Ontario "J" Squadron (Refrigeration)/Escadron "J" (Réfrigération) - SIMCOE, Ontario "K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment)/Escadron "K" (Eau, Products Pétroliers et Environnement) - DUNNVILLE, Ontario 242e Régiment du Génie de Construction (Forestiers)/242 Construction Engineer Regiment (Foresters) (242e RÉGT GÉNIE CONST/242 CONST ENG REGT) Quartier-Général du Régiment/Regiment Headquarters - Arsenal Navale de Parc Frédéric-Back, MONTRÉAL, Québec Escadron "L" (Appui)/"L" Squadron (Support) Escadron "A" (Construction)/"A" Squadron (Construction) Escadron "B" (Construction)/"B" Squadron (Construction) - LAVAL, Québec Escadron "J" (Réfrigération)/"J" Squadron (Refrigeration) Escadron "C" (Construction)/"C" Squadron (Construction) - Arsenal Navale de la Garnison Saint-Hubert, LONGUEUIL, Québec Escadron "D" (Construction)/"D" Squadron (Construction) - SHERBROOKE, Québec Escadron "E" (Arpentage)/"E" Squadron (Survey) - CHÂTEAUGUAY, Québec Escadron "F" (Distribution)/"F" Squadron (Distribution) - Arsenal Navale de la Garnison Saint-Jean, SAINT-JEAN-SUR-RICHELIEU, Québec Escadron "G" (Groupes Électrique)/"G" Squadron (Generating Systems) - DRUMMONDVILLE, Québec Escadron "H" (Plomberie et Chauffage)/"H" Squadron (Plumbing and Heating) - BLAINVILLE, Québec Escadron "K" (Eau, Products Pétroliers et Environnement)/"K" Squadron (Water, Fuels and Environment) - SAINT-EUSTACHE, Québec
The Naval Construction Engineer Group would be practically a light division in the Army sense, composed of seven construction engineer regiments raised throughout the country. The headquarters of this force, His Majesty's Canadian Ship Melville, would be located at the old home of the Canadian Forces School of Military Engineering at Chilliwack, British Columbia; her name is derived from the first Colonel Commandant of the pre-Unification Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, Brigadier J.L. Melville, who was first appointed after World War Two IOTL. The regiments assigned to the NCEG would at first revive the numbers assigned to the old construction battalions that served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War as well as the numbers of several non-perpetuated CEF infantry battalions (in reflection of what two new regiments in the Canadian Army had done when they were called to serve in the 10th and 11th Canadian Mechanized Divisions). One regiment, 2 Construction Engineer Regiment, would be formed in honour of the all-African-Canadian 2nd Construction Battalion CEF. This would mark the fact that many of the personnel who would flesh out the NCEG would be down-time African-Americans who migrated north to Canada seeking new places of employment in a land that didn't have Jim Crow laws. The primary tasking for the NCEG and its component regiments would be to build new dock space for the Naval Reserve flotillas that had access to navigable waterways, including new dry docks for the fleet maintenance facilities that would be soon tasked with new warship construction. Along with that as noted before, 194 Construction Engineer Regiment would assist in the complete construction of a whole naval base on Digby Island across the harbour from Prince Rupert in British Columbia for Canada's Pacific Fleet submarines and reserve craft...never mind what 196 Construction Engineer Regiment would be tasked to do concerning the construction of a permanent base at Nanisivik on Baffin Island. Also, the various units would be tasked to build new naval arsenals (armouries) for all the new naval reserve units. Uniform-wise, the NCEG would be allowed to don Navy blue/black uniforms and use Navy rank structures and insignia; the construction engineering trades before the Shift were once the dominion of the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army as the Royal Canadian Navy often turned to civilian construction engineering firms to deal with their own shore-based construction engineering projects.
And to provide dockyard security both at home and abroad...
NAVAL SECURITY GROUPS EAST/GROUPES DES SÉCURITÉ NAVALE (EST)
His Majesty's Canadian Ship McNab/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté McNab (HMCS McNAB/NCSM McNAB) Captain (Navy), Naval Security Group Atlantic/Capitaine de Vaisseau, Groupe de Sécurité Navale (Atlantique) (CAPT[N] NSGLANT/CAPV GSNLANT) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Shearwater Heliport, DARTMOUTH, Nova Scotia Supply Division/Division d'Appui Naval Security Team Citadel Naval Security Team Avalon - SAINT JOHN'S, Newfoundland and Labrador Équipe de Sécurité Navale d'Avignon - CARLETON-SUR-MER, Québec Équipe d'Entraînement de Sécurité Navale du Bas-Saint-Laurent/Naval Security Training Team Lower Saint Lawrence - MATANE, Québec Naval Security Team Fundy - KENTVILLE, Nova Scotia Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Gloucester - BATHURST, New Brunswick Naval Security Team Goose Bay - HAPPY VALLEY-GOOSE BAY, Newfoundland and Labrador Naval Security Team Nashwaak - FREDERICTON, New Brunswick Naval Security Team Prince Edward Island - MONTAGUE, Prince Edward Island Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Sainte-Hélène/His Majesty's Canadian Ship Sainte-Hélène (NCSM SAINTE-HÉLÈNE/HMCS SAINTE-HÉLÈNE) Capitaine de Frégate, Groupe de Sécurité Navale (Québec)/Commander, Naval Security Group Québec (CAPF GSNQUÉ/CDR NSGQUÉ) Division de Quartier-Général/Headquarters Division - Arsenal Navale d'Île-Sainte-Hélène, MONTRÉAL, Québec Division d'Appui/Supply Division Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Beauce-Sartigan - SAINT-GEORGES, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale d'Estrie - SHERBROOKE, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Longueuil - Arsenal Navale de la Pointe-du-Marigot, LONGUEUIL, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Montérégie-Est - ACTON-VALE, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Montérégie-Ouest - HUNTINGDON, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale du Montréal-Ouest/Naval Security Team West Montréal - BEACONSFIELD, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale du Montréal-Sud/Naval Security Team South Montréal - Arsenal Navale de Parc Jeanne-Mance, MONTRÉAL, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale des Moulins - TERREBONNE, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Rivière-du-Loup - RIVIÈRE-DU-LOUP, Québec Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Valcartier - SHANNON, Québec
NAVAL SECURITY GROUPS CENTRE/GROUPES DE SECURITÉ NAVALE DU CENTRE
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Brock/Captain (Navy), Naval Security Group Great Lakes (HMCS BROCK/CAPT[N] NSGGL) Headquarters Division - Fort George Naval Arsenal, NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, Ontario Supply Division Naval Security Team Newark Naval Security Team Detroit - WINDSOR, Ontario Naval Security Team Durham - CLARINGTON, Ontario Naval Security Team Elgin - SAINT THOMAS, Ontario Naval Security Team Frontenac - Cataraqui Naval Arsenal, KINGSTON, Ontario Naval Security Team Halton - BURLINGTON, Ontario Naval Security Team Huron - STRATFORD, Ontario Naval Security Team Port Credit - Port Credit Naval Arsenal, MISSISSAUGA, Ontario Naval Security Team Toronto - Port Lands Naval Arsenal, TORONTO, Ontario Naval Security Team Trent-Severn - PETERBOROUGH, Ontario Naval Security Team Waterloo - CAMBRIDGE, Ontario Naval Security Team York - GEORGINA, Ontario His Majesty's Canadian Ship Newash/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Newash (HMCS NEWASH/NCSM NEWASH) Commander, Naval Security Group Central/Capitaine de Frégate, Groupe de Sécurité Navale (Centre) (CDR NSGCENT/CAPF GSNCENT) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - PENETANGUISHINE, Ontario Supply Division/Division d'Appui Naval Security Team Sainte-Marie/Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Sainte-Marie Naval Security Team Bawating/Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Bawating - SAULT SAINTE MARIE, Ontario Naval Security Team Blue Mountains - MEAFORD, Ontario Naval Security Team Kempenfelt - BARRIE, Ontario Naval Security Team Nipissing/Équipe de Sécurité Navale du Nipissing - NORTH BAY, Ontario Naval Security Team Renfrew/Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Renfrew - PETAWAWA, Ontario Naval Security Team Rideau/Équipe de Sécurité Navale du Rideau - Shirleys Bay Naval Arsenal, OTTAWA, Ontario Naval Security Team Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry/Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Stormont, Dundas et Glengarry - CORNWALL, Ontario Naval Security Team Wanapitei/Équipe de Sécurité Navale de Wanapitei - Ramsey Lake Naval Arsenal, SUDBURY, Ontario Naval Security Training Team Port Arthur/Équipe d'Entraînement de Sécurité Navale du Port-Arthur - Port Arthur Naval Arsenal, THUNDER BAY, Ontario
NAVAL SECURITY GROUPS WEST
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Otter/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Otter (HMCS OTTER/NCSM OTTER) Captain (Navy), Naval Security Group West/Capitaine de Vaisseau de la Groupe de Sécurité Navale d'Ouest (CAPT[N] NSGWEST/CAPV GSN OUEST) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - Wascana Naval Arsenal, REGINA, Saskatchewan Supply Division/Division d'Appui Naval Security Team Wascana Naval Security Team Brandon - BRANDON, Manitoba Naval Security Team Coutts - RAYMOND, Alberta Naval Security Team Leduc - LEDUC, Alberta Naval Security Team Namao - Steele Barracks, STURGEON COUNTY, Alberta Naval Security Team Palliser - ASSINIBOIA, Saskatchewan Naval Security Team Pembina/Équipe de Sécurité Navale Pembina - STEINBACH, Manitoba Naval Security Team Sarcee - COCHRANE, Alberta Naval Security Team Wainwright - Denwood Naval Arsenal, WAINWRIGHT, Alberta Naval Security Team Waskasoo - RED DEER, Alberta Naval Security Team Whitesand - ESTEVAN, Saskatchewan Naval Security Team Winnipeg/Équipe de Sécurité Navale Winnipeg - Mynarski Naval Arsenal, WINNIPEG, Manitoba His Majesty's Canadian Ship Work Point/Commander, Naval Security Group Pacific (HMCS WORK POINT/CDR NSGPAC) Headquarters Division - Work Point Barracks, ESQUIMALT, British Columbia Supply Division Naval Security Team Esquimalt Naval Security Team Kootenay - GREENWOOD, British Columbia Naval Security Team Nanaimo - Newcastle Island Naval Arsenal, NANAIMO, British Columbia Naval Security Team Newton - 56 Avenue Naval Arsenal, SURREY, British Columbia Naval Security Team Peace River - CHETWYND, British Columbia Naval Security Team Stikine - GOOD HOPE LAKE, British Columbia Naval Security Team Surrey - WHITE ROCK, British Columbia Naval Security Team Thompson - CLEARWATER, British Columbia Naval Security Team Vancouver - Burrard Inlet Naval Annex, NORTH VANCOUVER, British Columbia Naval Security Training Team Sea Island - Burkeville Naval Arsenal, RICHMOND, British Columbia
NAVAL SECURITY GROUP NORTH/GROUPE DE SÉCURITÉ NAVALE (NORD)
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Nukluk/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Nukluk (HMCS NUKLUK/NCSM NUKLUK) Commander, Naval Security Group North/Capitaine de Frégate de la Groupe de Sécurité Navale (Nord) (CDR NSGNORTH/CAPF GSNNOR) Headquarters Division (Forward)/Division de Quartier-Général (Avant) - Evans Complex, YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories Headquarters Division (Rear)/Division de Quartier-Général (Arrière) - University Naval Arsenal, EDMONTON, Alberta Supply Division/Division d'Appui Équipe de Sécurité Navale Arctic Bay/Naval Security Team Arctic Bay (ÉSN ARCTIC BAY/NST ARCTIC BAY) Quartier-Général (Avant)/Headquarters (Forward) - ARCTIC BAY, Nunavut Quartier-Général (Arrière)/Headquarters (Rear) - MOUNT ROYAL, Québec Naval Security Team Churchill/Équipe de Sécurité Navale Churchill (NST CHURCHILL/ÉSN CHURCHILL) Headquarters (Forward)/Quartier-Général (Avant) - CHURCHILL, Manitoba Headquarters (Rear)/Quartier-Général (Arrière) - Murray Park Naval Annex, WINNIPEG, Manitoba Naval Security Team Inuvik (NST INUVIK) Headquarters (Forward) - INUVIK, Northwest Territories Headquarters (Rear) - Macewan Naval Arsenal, CALGARY, Alberta Équipe de Sécurité Navale Iqaluit/Naval Security Team Iqaluit (ÉSN IQALUIT/NST IQALUIT) Quartier-Général (Avant)/Headquarters (Forward) - IQALUIT, Nunavut Quartier-Général (Arrière)/Headquarters (Rear) - Orléans Naval Arsenal, OTTAWA, Ontario Naval Security Team Rankin Inlet/Équipe de Sécurité Navale Rankin Inlet (NST RANKIN INLET/ÉSN RANKIN INLET) Headquarters (Forward)/Quartier-Général (Avant) - RANKIN INLET, Nunavut Headquarters (Rear)/Quartier-Général (Arrière) - Ramsey Lake Naval Arsenal, SUDBURY, Ontario Naval Security Team Resolute (NST RESOLUTE) Headquarters (Forward) - RESOLUTE, Nunavut Headquarters (Rear) - Corman Park Naval Arsenal, SASKATOON, Saskatchewan Naval Security Team Whitehorse (NST WHITEHORSE) Headquarters (Forward) - WHITEHORSE, Yukon Headquarters (Rear) - PRINCE GEORGE, British Columbia Naval Security Team Yellowknife (NST YELLOWKNIFE) Headquarters (Forward) - Evans Complex, YELLOWKNIFE, Northwest Territories Headquarters (Rear) - University Naval Arsenal, EDMONTON, Alberta
The Naval Security Teams were first formed in 2016, tasked to enhance the safety and security of the Navy's ships and personnel while on deployment. Such teams would automatically be raised by the Naval Reserve units across the country. After the Shift, it was decided that each naval reserve flotilla would raise two NSTs to help contribute to a regional Naval Security Group, answerable operationally to the Naval Reserve regional forces set up across the Dominion (Atlantic, Centre, Pacific and North). Of course, as with other support elements of the Navy being formed for the war, such groups were granted the right to become their own "ships", being commissioned as His Majesty's Canadian Ships McNab, Sainte-Hélène, Brock, Newash, Otter, Work Point and Nukluk by April of 1940. Save for Nukluk (which is the solitary NSG for Naval Reserve Forces North), two of these new NSGs would be assigned to each of the main Naval Reserve forces as indicated above. As for Nukluk, it was decided that the concept of "forward/rear bases" used elsewhere when it came to the Navy's forces in the Arctic would be followed here; the ship's headquarters staff and component teams would be nominally based in the southern provinces but deployed north to remote locations when necessary. Given the need to provide NSTs for the Navy overseas in Britain (especially at Scapa Flow) and the Continent, the chances are excellent that theatre honours would be bestowed to McNab and her sisters after the war with the Nazis or with any future conflict; they would become the first Naval Reserve units to gain new battle honours since the founding of the original Volunteer Reserve back in the 1920s.
Next: Naval Reserve Force Atlantic and the Nova Scotia Flotilla!
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stevep
Fleet admiral
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Post by stevep on May 21, 2019 11:10:02 GMT
pyeknu You mentioned that even today the US doesn't recognise the waters between Canadian northern islands as territorial waters. There will be an additional problem here in that international law is different with territorial limits still being the traditional 3 miles is it in 1940 or possibly 12? Its only much later that the 200 mile EEZ's were introduced and largely accepted.
However given the huge technological edge Canada now has presumably there is the potential to get the US to recognise Canadian claims/rights in those waters. Basically as part payment for some of the aid and assistance Canada is giving the US. Also while there might be some information that the region will be economically and possibly strategically important a couple of generations later its probably still seen as frozen and barren by most people in the 1940's.
Steve
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stevep
Fleet admiral
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Post by stevep on May 21, 2019 11:13:27 GMT
Pyeknu That will be interesting, a ship in say 1942 - or whenever its launched - having inherited battle honours from 1944-45 for encounters which will never now occur.
Steve
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 21, 2019 12:25:25 GMT
Pyeknu That will be interesting, a ship in say 1942 - or whenever its launched - having inherited battle honours from 1944-45 for encounters which will never now occur.
Steve
Personally, I think that when there's going to be a clash of repeating dates, the second battle honour will get " (II)" put after the date.
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 21, 2019 13:54:30 GMT
To start off with the Naval Reserve orders of battle, a couple of notes:
In expanding the manning of the Reserves and allowing as much of the country to possess a Naval Reserve unit or sub-unit, commander of the Naval Reserves RAdm Marta Mulkins would be authorized at first to have her units form detachments ("tenders" in Navy parlance) to the existing units within all the major regional cities across the country. In the ORBAT we'll look at below, His Majesty's Canadian Ship Scotian at the southern end of HMC Dockyard Halifax north of downtown would deploy tenders to the Dockyard Annex (renamed the K'jipuktuk Dock) across the harbour in old Dartmouth, to a recommissioned naval annex in the Albro Lake neighbourhood of Dartmouth (where the old radio station HMCS Albro Lake had been sited), Truro in Colchester County, downtown Sydney in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality and the old training base at Cornwallis Park in Annapolis County. Once sufficient manning has been recruited and trained, the tenders would be formally commissioned as His Majesty's Canadian Ships; respectively, they would be His Majesty's Canadian Ships Citadel (at K'jipuktuk Dock), Albro Lake (at the like named naval annex at Dartmouth), Wagobagitik (in Truro), Unama'kik (in Sydney) and Cornwallis (at the now-recommissioned CFB Cornwallis). Save for Citadel (which would be detached as "flagship" of Naval Reserve Forces Atlantic, directly subordinate to the commodore in command), the newly-commissioned units would then form the Nova Scotia Flotilla of the Naval Reserves.
Once that happens, the primary issue of Naval Reserve reinforcement of the active Navy and all supporting formations would begin. Naval Reserve augmentation divisions would be mustered for warships of the Navy as well as the active shore facilities and deployed, allowing tired crews to recycle back to shore for rest and recuperation while still maintaining the pressure on the enemy. At the same time, the various Naval Reserve flotillas would team up with the Health Services Group, the Military Police Group and the Intelligence Command to create new units to serve them. Of course, said units would be initially tenders of Scotian and her sisters, but would eventually be commissioned as their own ships. For the Nova Scotia Flotilla, commissioned to the Health Services Group would be His Majesty's Canadian Ship Tupper (a former tender of Scotian), the Naval Health Services Support Division for the province. Commissioned to the Military Police Group would be His Majesty's Canadian Ships Fort Needham (a former tender of Scotian), Fort Lawrence (a former tender of Wagobagitik), Fort Saint Anne (a former tender of Unama'kik) and Fort Sainte-Marie-de-Grace (a former tender of Cornwallis). The Nova Scotia Flotilla would then help commission His Majesty's Canadian Ship Kwimu (a former tender of Scotian) to serve as the flagship of the Fleet Reconnaissance Unit Atlantic for the Intelligence Command. All of the above-mentioned units would have their personnel undergo basic and naval environmental training at the "parent" unit in the Nova Scotia Flotilla before trades training would be done at the "lodger" unit belonging to CF HSVC GP, CFMPG and CFINTCOM.
As that is happening, personnel slated to join the various maritime tactical operations teams, fleet diving groups, naval security teams and construction engineer regiments would be raised; again, they would undergo basic and naval environmental training at a "parent" Naval Reserve unit before doing trades and specialist training at the "lodger" units. Raised from this would be the core elements of Maritime Tactical Operations Regiment One for the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, His Majesty's Canadian Ship O'Neill to serve as flagship of the Fleet Diving Group Atlantic, Her Majesty's Canadian Ship McNab for the Naval Security Groups East and the headquarters and three field squadron of 2 Construction Engineer Regiment for the Naval Construction Engineering Group.
By the time this is all finally done, new warships would be being trialled for commissioning. Of course, Scotian and her sisters across the country would be tasked to provide the pre-commissioning crews and later naval reserve augmentation divisions. Those warships to be slated to become the seagoing elements of the various Naval Reserve flotillas will be listed with this and the following ORBATs.
You know the drill. Let's begin...
NAVAL RESERVE FORCES ATLANTIC/FORCES DE LA RÉSERVE NAVALE (ATLANTIQUE)
Commodore, Naval Reserve Forces Atlantic/Commodore des Forces de la Réserve Navale (Atlantique) (CMDRE NAVRESLANT/CMDRE RÉSNAVLANT) Headquarters/Quartier-Général - K'jipuktuk Dock, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Citadel/Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Citadel (HMCS CITADEL/NCSM CITADEL) Headquarters Division/Division de Quartier-Général - K'jipuktuk Dock, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Naval Radio Section/Section de Radio Navale Operations Division/Division des Opérations Naval Engineering Division/Division de Génie Navale Supply Division/Division d'Appui Administration Division/Division d'Administration Sea Training Division/Division d'Entraînement Maritime
The flagship for all of Naval Reserve Forces Atlantic (which covers all of the Atlantic provinces and the southern half of Québec), His Majesty's Canadian Ship Citadel takes her name from the Halifax Citadel across the harbour from the Dockyard Annex/K'jipuktuk Dock.
NOVA SCOTIA FLOTILLA
Captain (Navy), Nova Scotia Flotilla/Headquarters Sixth Maritime Operations Group (CAPT[N] NS FLOT/HQ MOG SIX) Headquarters Division - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Her Majesty's Canadian Ship Albro Lake (HMCS ALBRO LAKE) Headquarters Division - Albro Lake Naval Annex, DARTMOUTH, Nova Scotia Naval Radio Section Albro Lake Naval Radio Training Section East Supplementary Radio Section Mill Cove - HUBBARDS, Nova Scotia Supplementary Radio Section Newport Corner - BROOKLYN, Nova Scotia Supplementary Radio Section Debert - DEBERT, Nova Scotia Supplementary Radio Section Point Edward - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Her Majesty's Canadian Ship Scotian (HMCS SCOTIAN) Headquarters Division - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Halifax Division Albro Lake Division - Albro Lake Naval Annex, DARTMOUTH, Nova Scotia Bedford Division - BEDFORD, Nova Scotia Dartmouth Division - Shearwater Heliport, DARTMOUTH, Nova Scotia Hants Division - HANTSPORT, Nova Scotia Lunenburg Division - BRIDGEWATER, Nova Scotia Queens Division - LIVERPOOL, Nova Scotia Her Majesty's Canadian Ship Wagobagitik (HMCS WAGOBAGITIK) Headquarters Division - TRURO, Nova Scotia Colchester Division Cumberland Division - AMHERST, Nova Scotia Pictou Division - NEW GLASGOW, Nova Scotia Antigonish Division - ANTIGONISH, Nova Scotia Guysborough Division - MULGRAVE, Nova Scotia Her Majesty's Canadian Ship Unama'kik (HMCS UNAMA'KIK) Headquarters Division - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Cape Breton Division Cape Breton Division Detachment Louisbourg - Albert Street Naval Arsenal and Militia Annex, LOUISBOURG, Nova Scotia Cape Breton Division Detachment North Sydney - Pennel Street Naval Arsenal and Militia Annex, NORTH SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Inverness & Richmond Division - PORT HAWKESBURY, Nova Scotia Her Majesty's Canadian Ship Cornwallis (HMCS CORNWALLIS) Headquarters Division - Clemensport Barracks, CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia Digby & Annapolis Division Shelburne Division - SHELBURNE, Nova Scotia Yarmouth Division - YARMOUTH, Nova Scotia Kings Division - KENTVILLE, Nova Scotia Kings Division Detachment Wolfville - WOLFVILLE, Nova Scotia Fleet Maintenance Facility K'jipuktuk (FMF K'JIPUKTUK) Headquarters Division - K'jipuktuk Dock, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Halifax Division Lunenburg Division - BRIDGEWATER, Nova Scotia Queens Division - LIVERPOOL, Nova Scotia Yarmouth Division - YARMOUTH, Nova Scotia Kings Division - KENTVILLE, Nova Scotia Detachment Cornwallis - Clemensport Barracks, CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia Annapolis Division Fleet Maintenance Facility Protector (FMF PROTECTOR) Headquarters Division - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Cape Breton Division Cumberland Division - AMHERST, Nova Scotia Colchester Division - TRURO, Nova Scotia Hants Division - HANTSPORT, Nova Scotia Pictou Division - NEW GLASGOW, Nova Scotia Antigonish Division - ANTIGONISH, Nova Scotia King's Harbour Master Bedford (KHM BEDFORD) Headquarters - BEDFORD, Nova Scotia Harbour Support Division Bedford Harbour Support Division Kings - KENTVILLE, Nova Scotia Detachment Cornwallis - Clemensport Barracks, CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia Harbour Support Division Annapolis King's Harbour Master Cape Breton (KHM CAPE BRETON) Headquarters - Pennel Street Naval Arsenal and Militia Annex, NORTH SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Harbour Support Division Cumberland - AMHERST, Nova Scotia Harbour Support Division Colchester - TRURO, Nova Scotia Harbour Support Division Minas - WOLFVILLE, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Division Cape Breton (UPSD CAPE BRETON) Headquarters - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Division Digby (UPSD DIGBY) Headquarters - Clemensport Barracks, CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Division Halifax (UPSD HALIFAX) Headquarters - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Division Lunenburg (UPSD LUNENBURG) Headquarters - BRIDGEWATER, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Division Pictou (UPSD PICTOU) Headquarters - NEW GLASGOW, Nova Scotia Underwater Port Security Training Division Canso (UPSTD CANSO) Headquarters - PORT HAWKESBURY, Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Flotilla Band (NSF BAND) Headquarters - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Margaree (HMCS MARGAREE) (PCH-408) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - PORT HAWKESBURY, Nova Scotia Ship's Home Port - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Annapolis (HMCS ANNAPOLIS) (PCH-413) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - Clemensport Barracks, CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia Ship's Home Port - CORNWALLIS PARK, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Harry DeWolf (HMCS HARRY DeWOLF) (AOPV-430) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - HMC Dockyard, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia Ship's Home Port - HALIFAX, Nova Scotia His Majesty's Canadian Ship Glace Bay (HMCS GLACE BAY) (MM-701) † Naval Reserve Augmentation Division - Albert Street Naval Arsenal and Militia Annex, NORTH SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Ship's Home Port - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Navire Canadien de Sa Majesté Île Royale (NCSM ÎLE ROYALE) (MCMV-724) Naval Reserve Augmentation Division/Division de Renforcement des Réserves Navales - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia Ship's Home Port/Quartier Maritime de Navire - SYDNEY, Nova Scotia
† - Would be lost in action during Operation Nordhammer on 20 March 1941, replaced by Anticosti-class mine countermeasures vessel HMCS Glace Bay (MCMV-728); the disposition for the replacement ship will be the same as the original ship.
Now, introducing each of the new units:
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Albro Lake is the second of name, stepping into the place of the original Albro Lake, which served as the Atlantic Fleet's resident naval radio station from 1942 during World War Two IOTL until the expansion of the urban part of Dartmouth forced her decommissioning in 1968; the duties once handled by Albro Lake were then taken over by Canadian Forces Station Mill Cove (now part of HMCS Trinity). Atop providing intra-flotilla communications between all the units, Albro Lake would also support Trinity in providing communications to the Atlantic Fleet. Atop maintaining detachments at Mill Cove and Newport Corners alongside Trinity's detachments there, Albro Lake would also have detachments at Debert near Truro (occupying the site of the former communications station there) and Point Edward in Sydney alongside the headquarters division of HMCS Unama'kik (occupying the old side of HMCS Protector that served as the Navy's base in Sydney during World War Two IOTL).
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Wagobagitik is the first of name. She is named in honour of the Mi'kmaq term for the Truro area, the term meaning "end of the water's flow". Wagobagitik would be tasked to raise up naval reserve forces in the counties of Colchester, Cumberland, Pictou, Antigonish and Guysborough, covering a swath of Nova Scotia along Highway 104, the main line of the Trans-Canada Highway from the New Brunswick border to the Canso Strait, where it would cross onto Cape Breton Island and shift onto Highway 105. To allow the input of new personnel, divisions of Wagobagitik would be sited at Amherst, New Glasgow, Antigonish and Mulgrave.
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Unama'kik is the first of name. She is named in honour of the Mi'kmaq term for Cape Breton Island, the term meaning "land of frogs". Unama'kik would be tasked to raise up naval reserve forces in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality and the counties of Inverness, Richmond and Victoria; this covers the whole of Cape Breton Island. To allow the input of new personnel, a division of Unama'kik would be sited at Port Hawkesbury at the western end of the island; detachments of the Cape Breton Division would be sited at Louisbourg and North Sydney to cover the other main ports on the island. After hostilities, she would share quarters in Louisbourg and North Sydney with detached batteries of 16th (Cape Breton) Missile Artillery Regiment, RCA.
His Majesty's Canadian Ship Cornwallis is the second of name, stepping into the place of the original Cornwallis, which served as the Royal Canadian Navy's primary training centre from 1942 to Unification in 1968, when it was changed to Canadian Forces Base Cornwallis. Cornwallis would be tasked to raise up naval reserve forces in the counties of Digby, Annapolis, Kings, Yarmouth and Shelburne; this would leave the City of Halifax, Hants County and the Region of Queens Municipality to HMCS Scotian. Acting as initial input locations of new personnel, divisions of Cornwallis would be sited at Shelburne, Yarmouth and Kentville, with a detachment of the Kings Division sited at Wolfville.
As noted above, His Majesty's Canadian Ship Scotian would take up recruiting in Halifax, Hants County and Region of Queens Municipality. Detachments of Scotian would be sited at Hantsport, Bridgewater and Liverpool beyond Halifax's city limits; within those limits, divisions would be sited at Bedford, Albro Lake and southern Dartmouth (by the Shearwater Heliport).
The flotilla's two main fleet maintenance units, Fleet Maintenance Facility K'jipuktuk at the dock of the same name in old Dartmouth and Fleet Maintenance Facility Protector at the site of HMCS Protector in Sydney, would be tasked to perform maintenance on all Naval Reserve vessels assigned to the Nova Scotia Flotilla. Also, they would provide marine engineer training and manning augmentation to Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Scott at HMC Dockyard Halifax. A dry dock for FMF Protector would be constructed by 2 Construction Engineer Regiment for the use of the Nova Scotia Flotilla; sadly, due to the urbanization of Dartmouth, FMF K'jipuktuk could not get same. In peacetime, FMF Protector would become one of the locations where Naval Reserve ships normally based in the Great Lakes or the Saint Lawrence River valley would be relocated to in the winter months.
The flotilla's two main harbour support units, King's Harbour Master Bedford and King's Harbour Master Cape Breton, would be charged to help monitor marine traffic in the area of Nova Scotia, covering the Bay of Fundy, the Atlantic coast and the area around Cape Breton Island. Individual divisions of both units would be sited close to various minor ports in the provinces, where they would work hand-in-hand with local harbour control facilities or Transport Canada offices to ensure safe and secure movement of ships and personnel. Whether KHM Bedford of KHM Cape Breton would get their own tugs is up in the air; at this time, both units would be taking charge of civilian tugs chartered by the Navy to assist in Bedford Basin and Sydney Harbour.
The five Underwater Port Security Divisions at Cape Breton (Sydney), Digby, Halifax, Lunenburg and Pictou would be assigned as local port security forces for those ports, ensuring no things like sabotage occur that could impede ship movements or threaten shore facilities. Respectfully, they would cover the area around Cape Breton Island; Annapolis Basin and the Bay of Fundy coastline from the New Brunswick border to Yarmouth; Halifax Harbour and all the shoreline of the City of Halifax east to the Canso Strait; Lunenburg Harbour and the southwest Atlantic coast from Mill Cove to Yarmouth; and the Northumberland Strait/Gulf of Saint Lawrence from the New Brunswick border to the Canso Strait. The Underwater Port Security Training Division Canso would serve as the operational training unit for port security divers in the Naval Reserve Forces Atlantic. All units would have access to rigid-hulled inflatable boats to do their work.
And the Nova Scotia Flotilla Band would form up as the reserve element of the Stadacona Band, providing concerts for people in Nova Scotia.
Finally, assigned as the active ships of the Nova Scotia Flotilla would be the Saguenay-class helicopter corvettes HMC Ships Annapolis and Margaree, the Kingston-class coastal defence ship HMCS Glace Bay (later replaced by the Anticosti-class mine warfare vessel HMCS Glace Bay), the Harry DeWolf-class coastal patrol ship HMCS Harry DeWolf and the Anticosti-class mine warfare vessel HMCS Île-Royale.
Next: The New Brunswick Flotilla!
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on May 21, 2019 13:55:54 GMT
pyeknu, did you and redrobin65 discuses if there is a Canadian Marine corps ore is that taken care of army units who have amphibious training.
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pyeknu
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Post by pyeknu on May 21, 2019 13:59:32 GMT
pyeknu , did you and redrobin65 discuses if there is a Canadian Marine corps ore is that taken care of army units who have amphibious training. No, we didn't. Besides, I doubt a Canadian version of the Royal Marines would be set up; battalions of the Canadian Army could be trained to do those jobs.
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lordroel
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Post by lordroel on May 21, 2019 14:00:25 GMT
pyeknu , did you and redrobin65 discuses if there is a Canadian Marine corps ore is that taken care of army units who have amphibious training. No, we didn't. Besides, I doubt a Canadian version of the Royal Marines would be set up; battalions of the Canadian Army could be trained to do those jobs. I think the Australian Army also use that.
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