Korean War (1950 – 1953) in Real Time

[lordroel]

Day 14 of the Korean War, July 8th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Battle of Chonan (July 7–8, 1950): The 34th Infantry Regiment (United States), 24th Infantry Division (United States) was assigned to delay elements of the 4th Division (North Korea) as it advanced south following its victories at the Battle of Osan and the Battle of Pyongtaek the days before. The regiment emplaced north and south of Chonan, attempting to delay the North Koreans in an area where the terrain formed a bottleneck between mountains and the Yellow Sea. The 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment (United States), set up a defensive perimeter north of the city and, by nightfall, was engaged in combat with superior numbers of North Korean troops and tanks. American forces, unable to repulse North Korean armor, soon found themselves in an intense urban fight as columns of North Korean troops, spearheaded by T-34 tanks, entered the town from two directions, cutting off U.S. forces. The fight resulted in the near destruction of the 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment (United States), and the death of the 34th Infantry Regiment's new commander, United States Army, Colonel Robert R. Martin.

Map: Map of the 34th Infantry Regiment's delay action from July 5 to 8



United States Army, Sergeant Roy Deans was awarded the first Purple Heart medal of the Korean war, after having an eye injury during the June 28th destruction of the Han River bridge.

Air operations - Korean peninsula

Far East Air Forces organized a provisional bomber command at Yokota, with United States Air Force, Major General Emmett O'Donnell, Jr, as commander.

United States Air Force, Lieutenant Oliver Duerksen and United States Air Force, Lieutenant Frank Chermak, provided from radio-equipped jeeps the first forward air control to direct air to ground attacks in the Korean War.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Fiji-class cruiser, HMS Jamaica (44) was bombarding shore targets on the east coast of South Korea when she was hit by fire from a North Korean 76-mm gun, which killed six British sailors. Nevertheless, the ship remained operational and continued to bombard targets. By this time, Fiji-class cruiser, HMS Jamaica (44) and Black Swan-class sloop HMS Black Swan (L57) had been joined by Black Swan-class sloops HMS Alacrity (U60) and HMS Hart (U58), and formed the British component of the East Korean Support Group (CTG 96.5) in the Sea of Japan. CTG 96.5 attempted to impede the advance of the 5th Infantry Division (North Korea) down the coast, with some degree of success.

United States

(United States) President Harry S. Truman names United States Army, General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander of United Nations Forces in Korea. This gives General MacArthur operational control of all Allied forces, including those of the Republic of Korea.

Japan

Nearly five years after Japan's armed forces surrender to the United States, General Douglas MacArthur gives approval for the creation of a National Reserve Force (Keisatsu Yobitai) of 75,000 soldiers to replace the former Japanese Army.

[lordroel]

Day 15 of the Korean War, July 9th 1950

YouTube (Never Fear, MacArthur's Here!)



Air operations - Korean peninsula

Forward air controllers began using L-5G and L-17 liaison airplanes to direct F-80 air strikes in support of ground forces.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

United States Navy, Commander Michael J. L. Luosey took command of ROK Navy.

North Korea

First propaganda broadcast by an American POW captured by North Korea; a United States Army Officer of the 24th Infantry Division (United States) made a 900 word broadcast on Seoul radio.

Japan

The 92th Bombardment Group of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) arrived at Yokota to commence combat operations in Korea.

United States

The Joint Chiefs of Staff receive a message from United States Army, General Douglas MacArthur asking for consideration of making atomic bombs available for use in the Korean War. United States Army, General Charles Bolte, the JCS Chief of Operations, advise the Joint Chiefs that as many as 20 of the 250 American A-bombs could be spared for what MacArthur described as "a unique use of the atomic bomb" to destroy tunnels and bridges leading into North Korea from China. The JCS tabled the motion, as well as MacArthur's request for additional U.S. troops, until "two of their number" could visit Korea personally.

Telegram - Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950, Korea

The Commander in Chief, Far East (MacArthur) to the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

The situation in Korea is critical. We are endeavoring by all means now avail here to build up the force nec to hold the enemy, but to date our efforts against his armor and mechanized forces have been ineffective. His armored equip is of the best and the service thereof, as reported by qualified veteran observers, as good as any seen at any time in the last war. They further state that the enemy’s inf is of thoroughly first class quality.

This force more and more assumes the aspect of a combination of Soviet leadership and technical guidance with Chinese Communist ground elements. While it serves under the flag of North Korea, it can no longer be considered as an indigenous North Korean mil effort.

Our own troops are fulfilling expectations and are fighting with valor against overwhelming odds of more than ten to one. To build up, under these circumstances, sufficiently to hold the southern tip of Korea is becoming increasingly problematical.

I strongly urge that in add to those forces already requisitioned, an army of at least four divisions, with all its component services, be dispatched to this area without delay and by every means of transportation available.

The situation has developed into a major operation.

[lordroel]

Day 16 of the Korean War, July 10th 1950

Air operations - Korean peninsula

Carefully timing air strikes to coincide with the departure of United States Air Force counter-air patrols for refueling, four North Korean Yaks bombed and strafed the United States Army, 19th Infantry Regiment at Chongju.

The Fifth Air Force began using T-6 trainer aircraft for forward air control missions, because liaison airplanes are not fast enough to elude enemy fire.

F-80s caught an enemy convoy stopped at a bombed-out bridge near Pyongtaek. Along with B-26s and F-82s, they attacked the convoy and claimed destruction of 117 trucks, thirty-eight tanks, and seven halftracks.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Juneau-class light cruiser, USS Juneau (CL-119) and Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) steamed north in the Sea of Japan to put a demolition party ashore in North Korea. Its mission was to blow up a key railroad tunnel between Tanchon and Songjin on the northeast coast of South Korea. Doing so would cut the rail line from Vladivostok, Soviet Union, necessitating that further Soviet supplies take the much longer way around through Manchuria. Led by the executive officer of Juneau, United States Navy, Commander William B. Porter, the party included a lieutenant, four enlisted Marines, and four gunner’s mates. At midnight on 11–12 July, Mansfield pulled within 1,000 yards of the North Korean coast. The demolition party went ashore in a motor whaleboat. Other than dealing with cliff-like terrain, the infiltration went well and two 60-pound explosive charges were placed in the tunnel, rigged to detonate with the passage of the next train. Commander Porter and his party thus became the first United States military personnel to “invade” North Korea. Porter was awarded a Legion of Merit with Combat V for leading the operation.

Commander, United States Naval Forces, Far East (COMNAVFE) directs that the naval blockade be extended to the North Korean ports of Wonsan and Chinnampo, on the east coast of North Korea. To this point, the blockade has only covered ROK ports captured by the North Koreans.

The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) directs Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) to sail Task Force Yoke when ready, which will significantly augment United States naval forces in the Korean and Formosa operating areas.

Japan

A dispatch from Commander Naval Forces, Far East (COMNAVFE) instructs United States Navy, Admiral John Higgins to extend his blockade as far north as practicable, and reemphasized the importance of the coastal tunnels on the Chongjin-Wonsan railroad. With these targets in mind equipment has already been procured and plans worked out to land a demolition party.

China

Premier of the People's Republic of China and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai and Chairman of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong chair a conference discussing military preparations for the Korean Conflict. During this conference it is decided that the Thirteenth Army Corps under the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army (People's Republic of China), one of the best-trained and best-equipped units in China, will be immediately transformed into the Northeastern Border Defense Army (NEBDA) to prepare for "an intervention in the Korean War if necessary".

United States

At the suggestion of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, J. Lawton Collins, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directs the Joint Strategic Plans Committee to examine the possibility of asking British Commonwealth nations, particularly Australia and New Zealand, to send troops to Korea as it is becoming becoming clear that there is no alternative but to seek help.

Soviet Union

Shipments of mines begin rolling southward down the east coast railway from the Vladivostok region.

[lordroel]

Day 17 of the Korean War, July 11th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Photo: An American mortar crew fires on the Communist North Korean invaders. 11 July 1950. Near Chochiwan, Korea



Air operations - Korean peninsula

Eight B-29s from the 19th Bombardment Group are assigned to carry out a tactical strike and successfully established radio contact with ground units. They targeted North Korean units in Wonju, Pyongtaek, and Chunchon, achieving favorable results.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) and Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) pull within 1,000 yards of the North Korean coast, a demolition party consisting of a United States Navy lieutenant, four enlisted Marines and four gunner’s mates goes ashore in a motor whaleboat. Other than dealing with cliff-like terrain, the infiltration goes well and two 60-pound explosive charges are placed in the tunnel, rigged to detonate with the passage of the next train. United States Navy, lieutenant Porter and his party thus becomes the first U.S. military personnel to “invade” North Korea.

The first intelligence reports comes in of North Korean defensive minelaying at the North Korean east coast port of Chongjin.

The chief of naval operations (CNO) authorize the activation of ships from the Reserve Fleet. (which is where the vast majority of U.S. Navy ships are in 1950 due to drastic budget cuts).

Singapore

Aircraft repair ship and light aircraft carrier HMS Unicorn (I72) departs Singapore where she will be used as a replenishment carrier to ferry replacement aircraft and supplies to the Royal Navy and Commonwealth aircraft carriers operating in Korean waters.

[lordroel]

Day 18 of the Korean War, July 12th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Battle of Chochiwon (July 10–12, 1950): The 21st Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division (United States) is assigned to delay two advancing North Korean People's Army divisions following communist victories at Osan, Pyongtaek, and Chonan earlier in the month. The regiment deployed along roads and railroads between the two villages, attempting to slow the advance as much as possible. Aided by air strikes, U.S. Army units were able to inflict substantial damage on the North Korean armor and other vehicles but were overwhelmed by North Korean infantry. The two understrength U.S. battalions fought in several engagements over the three days and suffered massive losses in personnel and equipment, but were able to delay the North Korean forces for several days, allowing the remainder of the 24th Infantry Division (United States) to set up blocking positions along the Kum River near the city of Dajeon.

Air operations - Korean peninsula

Four Military Air Transport Service airplanes arrived in Japan from the United States carrying fifty eight large 3.5-inch rocket launchers (bazookas) and shaped charges desperately needed to destroy North Korean tanks.

The 92nd Bombardment Group first mission sees the group, operating from its base at Yokota, Japan, bombing the marshaling yards in Seoul. This mission also sees the first B-29 being lost to enemy action. The aircraft in question was part of the 28th Bombardment Squadron of the 19th Bombardment Group. A North Korean Yak-9 fighter briefly appeared behind the bomber and damaged its number three engine, causing a fire that could not be contained. The plane crashed into the Yellow Sea, west of Seoul. The bombardier was forced to bail out over enemy territory and became the first prisoner of war (POW) in the conflict. The majority of the crew where rescued and returned to Japan within 24 hours.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Far East (COMNAVFE) established Naval Air Japan in Tokyo with an interim staff under the command of United States Navy, Rear Admiral George R. Henderson to provide direction to the expanding naval aviation forces in the Far East.

South Korea

The South Korean government, temporarily relocated from Seoul to Taejon, enters the "Taejon Agreement" with the United States, giving United States military courts exclusive jurisdiction over American personnel in criminal and civil matters.

United States Army, Major General William F. Dean, orders the 24th Infantry Division (United States) three regiments, (19th Infantry Regiment, 21st Infantry Regiment and the 34th Infantry Regiment), to cross the Kum River, destroy all bridges behind them, and to establish defensive positions around Taejon. Taejon is a major South Korean city 100 miles (160 km) south of Seoul and 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Pusan, and is the site of the 24th Infantry Division's headquarters. Dean formed a line with the 34th Infantry Regiment and 19th Infantry Regiment facing east and holds the heavily battered 21st Infantry Regiment in reserve to the southeast.

United States

The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) in an estimate submitted to the Joint Chiefs of Staff conclude that the North Koreans will be capable of threatening the security of Pusan by July 25th 1950.

The Joint Chiefs of Staff instruct United States Army, General MacArthur on the subject of his communiques. “For worldwide political reasons,” they tell him, “it is important to emphasize repeatedly the fact that our operations are in support of UNSC [United Nations Security Council].” He is to identify himself, wherever practicable, as Commander in Chief of UN Forces, and to stress the activities of the forces of other countries whenever the facts justified him in doing so.

The first increment of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade (United States) sails from San Diego en route Korea in Task Group 53.7 exactly ten days after receiving its first warning order. The brigade includs the 5th Marine Regiment (132 officers and 2,452 enlisted men),  artillery made up of the 1st Battalion of the 11th Marines (44 officers and 474 enlisted men). To these were added motor transport, medical, shore party, engineer, tank, and amphibious tractor companies; detachments of signal, ordnance, service, reconnaissance, and military police units; an amphibious truck platoon; and the organic observation squadron, VMO 6, with eight OY observation planes and four H03S-1 Sikorsky helicopters. The air strength of the brigade, the forward echelon of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, was made up of two F4U Corsair fighter squadrons (48 aircraft), plus an F4U-5N night fighter squadron, all of Marine Air Group 33. The lift force includes Ashland-class dock landing ship USS Gunston Hall (LSD-5) and Casa Grande-class dock landing ship USS Fort Marion (LSD-22), along with, Bayfield-class attack transport USS Henrico (APA-45), Arthur Middleton-class attack transport USS George Clymer (APA-27), Haskell-class attack transport USS Pickaway (APA-222), Andromeda-class attack cargo ships USS Whiteside (AKA-90)m USS Alshain (AKA-55) and USS Achernar (AKA-53) and the transport ship, the USS General A. E. Anderson (AP-111). Aircraft and aircrews were embarked on Commencement Bay-class escort carrier USS Badoeng Strait (CVE-116). Ground forces of the brigade embarked at San Diego in the three attack transports of Captain Sharp’s Task Group 53.7, George Clymer, Henrico, and Pickaway; in the attack cargo ships Whiteside and Alshain; and in the LSDs Gunston Hall and Fort Marion. Air group personnel and equipment boarded the transport General A. E. Anderson and the attack cargo ship Achernar at Terminal Island; aircraft and airicrews were embarked on Badoeng Strait. On 12 July, exactly ten days after the receipt of the warning order, the LSDs sailed from San Diego with the tanks and the amphibious tractor companies, and two days later the rest of the convoy followed.

Hawaii

Task Group 214.4 consisting of V-class destroyer HMCS Sioux (R64), Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Athabaskan (G07) and HMCS Cayuga (RO4) enter Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. There they receive the following orders from back home:

1. ... as from 0001Z/14 July39 TG 214.4 under your command is transferred to the operational control of General MacArthur as Commander United Nations Forces Korea for operations in relation to the invasion of South Korea only. You and all officers and men under your command shall obey operational instructions issued by or on behalf of such Commander. You shall promulgate this order in suitable form to all officers and men under your command.

2. You are to report by message direct to Commander United Nations Forces Korea Headquarters in Tokyo ... and request instructions, at the same time acquainting General MacArthur of necessity for logistic calls at Bikini and Guam and your ETA* these ports.

3. Logistic support. Arrangements will be made on repayment basis for you to draw supplies from U.S. sources other than items peculiar to RCN for which arrangements will made to have them shipped via U.S. transport on demand by you.

4. You are authorized to fly the flag of the United Nations at the foremasthead .. .

Hong Kong

S-class destroyer, HNLMS Evertsen (D802) arrives in Hong Kong.

[lordroel]

Day 19 of the Korean War, July 13th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Map: Front line of Korean War, July 13, 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

The Far East Air Forces (FEAF) Bomber Command dispatched 49 B-29s from the 22nd Bombardment Group and 92nd Bombardment Group to bomb the marshaling yards and an oil refinery in Wonsan, North Korea. This marks the first Korean combat mission for the Strategic Air Command’s (SAC) 22nd Bombardment Group.

3rd Air Rescue Squadron (ARS) begins flying SB-17 aircraft off the Korean coast to drop rescue boats to downed B-29 crews.

Advancing enemy troops force the airborne control function to move southeastward from Taejon to Taegu.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) arriving from Pusan with an artillery major for United States Navy, Admiral Higgins staff establish communications with the 25th Division artillery detachment which was supporting the eastern front. Coastal fog made targets hard to distinguish, but Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) and De Haven nevertheless spent a busy day shooting at the cliff road in response to the Army request, at troops in Ulchin, at Mukho, at a railroad yard on the local line which leads back into the mountains, and at POL storage in the harbor of Samehok. The shooting was good, but the distressing ineffectiveness of 5-inch shells against roads and bridges made the arrival of 8-inch gunned cruisers from the United States appear increasingly urgent.

South Korea

The Pusan Base Command is reorganized by the Eighth Army (United States) as the Pusan Logistical Command.

United States Army, General MacArthur makes the Eighth Army (United States) responsible for directing ground operations in Korea. The Commanding General, United States Army, Lieutenant General Walton H. Walker, moves to Korea and set up the headquarters of the Eighth US Army in Korea (EUSAK). With the approval of (South Korea) President Rhee, EUSAK also assumed command of the South Korean Army.‘”

China

The Thirteenth Army Corps (People's Republic of China) along with the forces which had already been present in the Northeast (the 42nd Army and the First, Second, and Eight Artillery Divisions) are reformed into the Northeastern Border Defense Army (NEBDA) and stationed on the border with North Korea to protect Northeast China by the end of July. Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Deng Hua, commander of the Fifteenth Army Corps (People's Republic of China) and one of the most talented commanders of the Chinese Civil War, is assigned the duty to coordinate all preparation efforts.

United States

United States Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson’s office request comments from the Joint Chiefs of Staff on a State Department proposal to inform the British Ambassador that the United States intends to “increase substantially” its forces in Korea and that additional forces are needed from other countries.

The Department of State proposed to the United States Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson that reports be sent to the United Nation Security Council each week. These will keep world attention on the fact that the United States is fighting in Korea for the United Nations, not itself. Apprehensive over world reaction to the naval blockade of Korea ordered by (United States) President Harry Truman on June 30th, the Department of State is convinced that the Security Council resolutions of June 25th and June 27th amply justifies the blockade, but wish the actual blockade declaration report to the Security Council in order to remove any doubt as to its legality. A report from the unified command on the blockade seems in order.

Photo: United States Marines of the First Marine Division embark for Korea aboard the Bayfield-class attack transport USS Henrico (APA-45) at San Diego, California (USA), on 13 July 1950. An LCPR is just taken aboard



Hawaii

Royal Canadian Navy, Captain J. V. Brock, Commander Canadian Destroyers Pacific and Commanding Officer, Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Athabaskan (G07) signals United States Army, General MacArthur, placing V-class destroyer HMCS Sioux (R64), Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Athabaskan (G07) and HMCS Cayuga (RO4) at his disposal and indicating an intention of joining the UN forces in the Korean theatre at the earliest possible date. The United States Army, General MacArthur reply is prompt and courteous:

Part One. On behalf United Nations delighted to accept force under your command for service in repelling aggression in Korea.

Part Two. Proposed sailing schedule indicates prompt action and readiness of the RCN. Upon arrival Guam report to COMNAVFE who will issue further instructions.

Part Three. C IN C PAC is hereby requested to confirm direct to you information this command logistic support required. Signed MacArthur.

India

Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru suggest to General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin and United States Secretary of State, Dean Acheson that Communist China, more formally, the Peoples' Republic of China, be admitted to the U.N. Security Council and that the United States, Soviet Union, and China, "with the help and cooperation of other peace-loving nations," informally explore means to end the Korean War. Stalin accepts, but the United States rejected the offer. Chinese leaders made no immediate official comment.

[lordroel]

Day 20 of the Korean War, July 14th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

ROK troops withdrew in front of the advancing North Koreans and set off demolitions at two bridges, two tunnels, and two passes between Yonghae and Yongdok on the coastal road. United States naval vessels bombarded roadside cliffs next to the sea to produce landslides that would block the road and delay the North Koreans.

Land operations - Korean peninsula (Battle of Taejon)

In the morning, American soldiers from 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment (United States) on the heights 2 miles (3.2 km) above the Kum River Line spott T-34s across the river. The T-34s fired on the 3rd Battalion's position from across the river, to no effect. By mid-morning, North Korean infantry were spotted crossing the river by boat and mortar and artillery fire began hitting the 34th Infantry's lines. In the confusion and resulting poor communication, the North Korean infantry manage to move around the American lines. The 1st Battalion (United States), further north, also comes under heavy attack by advancing North Korean forces, and though it repulsed the attack with the help of artillery, it is forced to withdraw to safer positions.

In the early afternoon, another attacking force, an estimated 1,000 North Korean troops, cross the river. The North Koreans capture an outpost of the 63rd Field Artillery Battalion (United States), supporting the 34th Infantry Regiment (United States) with 105-mm howitzers. They turn a captured machine gun on the battalion's HQ battery and began to fire, taking it by surprise. Artillery fire aimed at the battery destroyed communications and vehicles, and inflicted heavy casualties.

Its survivors retreat on foot to the south. Meanwhile, only 250 yards (230 m) away, a battery of the battalion also comes under attack by 100 North Korean infantrymen, resulting in similar casualties and retreat. B Battery was attacked by 400 North Koreans, but an advance of South Korean horse cavalry spared the battery from heavy losses, allowing it to make an organized retreat. The 63rd Field Artillery Battalion (United States) lost all of its guns and 80 of its vehicles, many still intact for North Korean forces to use.

Later in the evening, 1st Battalion, 63rd Field Artillery Battalion (United States) counterattacks the positions but is unable to take them back, in the face of machine gun and small arms fire, and was forced to withdraw by nightfall. After this failed attempt to retake the equipment, United States Army, Major General William F. Dean, commanding officer of the  24th Infantry Division' (United States) orders the positions where the captured equipment is located to be destroyed by an airstrike. With the 1st Battalion (United States)  having taken heavy casualties and the 3rd Battalion forced to move to counter North Korean attacks, the northwest flank of the American line had been beaten back.The 4th Division (North Korea) begins crossing the river, only slightly impeded by US aircraft attacking its boats.

Map: Battle of Kum River, 14 July 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

The 35th Fighter Interceptor Group (FIG), moving from Japan to a new airfield (K-3) at Pohang, becomes the first USAF fighter group to be based in South Korea during the war.

The 6132rd Tactical Air Control Squadron, the first tactical air control unit in the war is activated at Taegu under United States Air Force, Colonel Joseph D. Lee, it provides forward, ground-based air control for aircraft providing close air support of UN forces.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Far East (COMNAVFE) authorize attacks on unidentified submarines in self defense or when offensive action against our forces was indicated.

While no requests from ashore are received on this day and visibility remains poor, Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) fires off a few rounds against truck headlights on the road south of Ulchin.

United States

Despite being only one of three operational Essex-class carriers in the Pacific, USS Boxer (CV-21) is pressed into service as an aircraft ferry. She departs Alameda, California for Yokosuka, Japan, with a cargo of 145 Air Force F-51 (formerly P-51) Mustang fighters, six Stinson L-5 Sentinel observation aircraft, 19 U.S. Navy aircraft, 1,012 Air Force ground support personnel, a Marine air control element, and 2,000 tons of critical aviation supplies (stripped from Air National Guard units due to acute shortages).

Photo: The U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Boxer (CV-21) loads 146 U.S. Air Force North American F-51D Mustang fighters aboard at Naval Air Station Alameda, California (USA), for transportation to East Asia, 14 July 1950



United States Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson asks the Joint Chiefs of Staff whether aid is desired from Pakistan, Australia, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Italy, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, and, if so, what type of assistance would be most useful.

United States Navy high-speed transport USS Horace A. Bass departs San Diego with troops of the 2nd Marine Division (United States).

Task Group 214.4 consisting of V-class destroyer HMCS Sioux (R64), Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Athabaskan (G07) and HMCS Cayuga (RO4) departs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii for Kwajalein, the next port-of-call.

United Nations

Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie after consulting with US officials, addressed a general appeal to the fifty-three governments that had indicated their support of the Security Council resolutions of 25 and 27 June. The text of this message, worked out in consultation with US Ambassador Austin, read substantially as follows:

1.I am informed that the Government of the United States which, under the resolution of 7 July 1950 has been given the responsibility for the Unified Command, is now preparing to engage in direct consultations with Governments with regard to coordination of assistance in a general plan for the attainment of the objective set forth in the Security Council resolutions.

2. I have been advised that the Unified Command.. . is in urgent need of additional effective assistance. I should be grateful, therefore, if your Government would consider the possibility of such assistance, including combat forces, particularly round forces.

3. Offers of assistance should be communicated to the Secretary-General. In the case of military assistance, offers should be communicated to the Secretary General in general” terms, leaving detailed arrangements for such an agreement between the Government and the Unified Command.

Japan

Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General Collins, formally presented a UN flag to United States Army, General MacArthur at the Dai Ichi building in Tokyo. The Far East Commander, fully aware of the symbolic importance of the occasion, accepted the gift “with the deepest emotion,” as he himself said.

With minesweepers start to work in Yongil Man in South Korea, Task Group 90-3. Tractor Group consisting of LST-542-class tank landing ship USS LST-611 towing LSUs and with the Cherokee-class fleet tug USS Cree (ATF-84) and Navajo-class fleet tug USS Lipan (ATF-85) as escort, sail from Tokyo Bay, to be followed the next day by Task Group 90 .2 . Transport Group. The route was south along the coast of Japan, then north by Bungo Strait through which Yamato, mightiest battleship in the world, had sortied on her final cruise in vain attempt to strike the American fleet off Okinawa. Turning westward through the Inland Sea, the force steamed past Shimonoseki, where almost a century before the USS Wyoming had engaged the forces of the Daimyo of Choshu, and into the Korean Strait.

South Korea

The ROK Army actives its II Corps (South Korea) with headquarters at Hamch'ang. It is composed of the 6th Infantry Division (South Korea), 8th Infantry Division (South Korea) and the 23rd Regiment (South Korea).

(South Korea) President Syngman Rhee assigned control of his nation's forces to United States Army, General MacArthur, stating in a letter transmitted through the United States ambassador to South Korea: In view of the joint military effort of the United Nations on behalf of the Republic of Korea, in which all military forces, land, sea and air, of all the United Nations fighting in or near Korea have been placed under the joint operational command and in which you have been designated Supreme Commander, United Nations Forces, I am happy to assign to you command authority over all land, sea and air forces of the Republic of Korea during the period of continuation of the present state of hostilities, such command to be exercised either by you personally or by such commander or commanders to whom you may delegate the exercise of this authority within Korea or adjacent seas

[lordroel]

Day 21 of the Korean War, July 15th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Photo: A gun crew checks their equipment near the Kum River. 15 July 1950. Korea, 15 July 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

Carrier aircraft on missions over Korea begin to report to the Joint Operations Center at Taegu, South Korea.

The 51st Fighter Squadron (Provisional) at Taegu flew the first F-51 Mustang combat missions in Korea.

A Fifth Air Force operation order assigns "Mosquito" call signs to airborne controllers in T-6 airplanes, and the name becomes the identifier for the aircraft.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

United States Navy Task Force 90 embarks two regimental combat teams (RCTs—10,000 troops) of the Japan based, 1st Cavalry Division (United States) for transport by sea to Pohangdong, South Korea, in a hastily planned and executed—but successful—amphibious movement of troops. This operation, code named “Bluehearts,” had originally been planned as an amphibious landing at Inchon or Kunson on the west coast of South Korea, but the situation in the southeast had become so dire that those ambitious plans were abandoned in favor of getting the division into the Pusan Perimeter while there was still time. An amphibious landing at Pohang was necessary because the port of Pusan was completely clogged with shipping supporting the 24th Infantry Division (United States) and 25th Infantry Division (United States). Task Group 90 .2 . Transport Group commanded by United States Navy, Rear Admiral James H. Doyle, embarked on the Mount McKinley class of amphibious force command ship USS Mount McKinley (AGC-7). TF 90 included Bayfield-class attack transport USS Cavalier (AP-82), three attack cargo ships including Tolland-class attack cargo ship USS Union (AKA-106) and the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS)  operated Andromeda-class attack cargo ship USS Oglethorpe (AKA-100) and Arcturus-class attack cargo ship USS Titania (AK-55). In addition, there were 16 LSTs (15 of them Japanese-manned), and additional transports (some of them also Japanese-manned), led by six minesweepers, and covered by Juneau-class light cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119), Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Coller (DD-730),  Gearing-class destroyers USS Higbee (DD-806)  and USS James B. Kyes (DD-787) and Tribal-class destroyer HMAS Bataan (I91). Additional Japanese-manned LSTs and cargo ships made up a follow-on force.

Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) and Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) have a big day on the 20-mile stretch between 36°34' and 36°52' where the road runs generally close to the sea. For the first time an Army liaison plane is available to provide air spot and a total of 645 rounds of 5-inch ammunition are expended against troops, shore batteries, and other targets, included a little night work against road traffic with the aid of star shell illumination.

Japan

United States Army, General MacArthur sends the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the United States a recommendation regarding the soliciting of military forces for the Korean operation. United States Army, General MacArthur fully understands the political necessity for an international force, he says, and was is in “complete sympathy” with the concept. Ground force elements sent to Korea, in his view, should consist of infantry units of the strength of a reinforced battalion (approximately 1,000 men), with their own artillery support. It was preferable, but not strictly necessary, that their weapons be able to fire American ammunition. They would be attached to US regiments or divisions and should therefore contain enough English-speaking personnel to maintain liaison and to avoid confusion in combat. Service units would be acceptable provided they were large enough to be usable. As for naval or air components, practically anything that was offered should be accepted, on the same basis as ground forces. To the problem of supply, always a difficult one in an international operation, United States Army, General MacArthur sketched a simple solution. Foreign troops should arrive accompanied by their own supplies sufficient to last them sixty days. Thereafter they would be supplied by the United States, insofar as permitted by their nationalistic and religious preferences regarding diet and dress. The US Government, however, should be reimbursed for all material thus provided.

[lordroel]

Day 22 of the Korean War, July 16th 1950

YouTube (Americans Repeatedly Routed)



Land operations - Korean peninsula (Battle of Taejon)

North Koreans launch a massive barrage of tank, artillery and mortar fire on the 19th Infantry Regiment (United States) positions and North Korean troops began to cross the river in boats. The North Korean forces gathered on the west bank and assaulted the positions of 1st Battalion's C and E companies, followed by a second landing against B Company. North Korean forces pushed against the entire battalion, threatening to overwhelm it. The regimental commander ordered all support troops and officers to the line and they were able to repulse the assault. However, in the melee, North Korean forces infiltrated their rear elements, attacking the reserve forces and blocking supply lines. Stretched thin, the 19th Infantry Regiment (United States) was unable to hold the line at the Kum River and simultaneously repel the North Korean forces.

That evening, 2nd Battalion (United States) was moved to attempt to deal with the North Koreans in the rear but suffered casualties as well, and was unable to break the roadblocks.

Map: Map of the US 19th Infantry Regiment's defense at the Kum River, July 13-16, 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

During a raid, thirty B-29s targeted the railway yards in Seoul and finally succeeded in destroying the railway bridge that spanned the Han River, despite it having been left unscathed in several previous air raids.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) and Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) are joined by Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) and the three ships fire 173 rounds against targets of opportunity along the highway.

Japan

The headquarters of Fleet Air Wing 1 shifted from Guam to Naha, Okinawa, to direct VP patrol squadron operations over the Formosa Strait.

United States

The Joint Chiefs of Staff start to apply United States Army, General MacArthur recommendation regarding the soliciting of military forces for the Korean operation he send to them a day earlier. Thus when United States Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson, asked them to evaluate potential troop offers from New Zealand and Lebanon and a warship tendered by France, the Joint Chiefs of Staff reply that the two former should be accepted provided that they are battalion-size units, with combat and service support and that the French vessel is acceptablel.

[lordroel]

Day 23 of the Korean War, July 17th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula (Battle of Taejon)

The 19th Infantry Regiment (United States) withdraws and was ordered 25 miles (40 km) southwest to regroup and re-equip. Less than half of 1st Battalion returned, and only two of 2nd Battalion's companies remain intact. All three regiments of the 24th Infantry Division (United States), having each been defeated and overwhelmed, are down to battalion-strength formations.

Photo: "Korean soldiers awaiting U.S. transports flying in ammunition and supplies are shown on Suwon Airfield, Korea," 17 July 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

Forty-seven B-29s targeted the Chosin Nitrogen Plant in Hungnam along the northeast coast of North Korea. Unfortunately, a group of 3 B-29s mistakenly bombed friendly civilians in Andong, illustrating the dangers of using B-29s on close air support missions.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

With Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) fueling at Pusan and United states Navy, Admiral Higgins having a meeting with representatives of the Korean Navy. Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) and Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) with the absence of the flagship fire more than 400 rounds at miscellaneous targets in the same coastal area and the British returned to the business of coastal bombardment with Town-class light cruiser HMS Belfast and C-class destroyer HMS Cossack (R57).

United States

Lead elements of the 2nd Infantry Division (United States) sail for Korea.

North Korea

Soviet naval personnel in Wonsan and Chinnampo begin holding mine laying instructions for their North Korean friends.

[lordroel]

Day 24 of the Korean War, July 18th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

Lead elements of the 8th Cavalry Regiment (United States) land in the early morning, successfully carrying out the first amphibious landing of the Korean War. The 13th Signal Company quickly followed behind the last wave of the 8th Cavalry. The first troops of the 5th Cavalry Regiment (United States) came ashore at approximately 1630 hours. Only a small combat air patrol from the Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45) was retained overhead to protect the ships and landing forces.

Photo: Troops of the 24th Infantry move to the Pusan Perimeter battleground, 18 July 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

The 19th Bombardment Group made alterations to certain B-29 aircraft so that they could utilize radio-guided bombs (Razon) to make their bridge bombing more precise.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45) and Colossus-class light fleet aircraft carrier HMS Triumph (R16) resumed attacks on North Korea, this time from the east, bombing airfields, railroads and factories at Hamhung, Hungnam, Numpyong, and Wonsan. The strike on the oil refinery at Wonsan was particularly effective. Ten Corsairs led the attack on the refinery, firing high-velocity aerial rockets (HVAR), followed by 11 Skyraiders dropping 1,000-pound and 500-pound bombs and firing HVARs. The refinery was totally destroyed and thousands of tons of refined oil burned for days in a column of smoke that could be seen for over 60 miles. (The U.S. Air Force subsequently hit the refinery with B-29 heavy bombers, leaving little left standing).

Photo: Navy Planes Strike Wonsan Oil Refinery. This aerial view shows the damage done to the Wonsan Oil Refinery by planes of the Seventh Fleet on one of the carrier air strikes of July 18, 1950. Black smoke resulting from the damage could be seen sixty miles at sea



Photo: Wonsan Oil Refinery, Wonsan, North Korea, burning after being struck by USS Valley Forge (CV-45) aircraft, 18 July 1950



Task Group 90 .2 . Transport Group and Task Group 90-3. Tractor Group join and the ships moved into Yongil Man, South Korea. Fighting has been reported only a few miles north of Pohang, but the 3rd Infantry Division (South Korea) still holds the road, and at 0559, United States Navy, Admiral James H. Doyle, Commander Amphibious Group One, with additional duty as Commander Transport Squadron One gives the signal to "Land the Landing Force" in accordance with the plan for an unopposed operation. Task Force 77 and Juneau-class light cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119)  was released from their support commitments, and only a small combat air patrol from Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45) was retained overhead to protect the shipping of the Attack Force. 

Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) and Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) work on shelling the coastal road in the vicinity of Samchok while Town-class light cruiser HMS Belfast and C-class destroyer HMS Cossack (R57) are patrolling at the 38th parallel. In the morning, as Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) was released from her support commitments, the others came south to join the flagship off Yongdok, where the day was spent firing on targets of opportunity and where a reported "full-scale" enemy offensive was broken up. In the afternoon, parties of American and British naval officers went ashore to confer with the KMAG group attached to the 3rd Infantry Division (South Korea) and to pass out radio sets in the interest of improved communications. That evening United States Navy, Admiral Higgins, commander of the Southern and Eastern Support Groups in operations against enemy forces instituted a new technique, and while the main body operated off the battleline a single destroyer was detached nightly to prowl northward along the coast, seeking out and shooting up promising targets.

Japan

Balao-class submarine USS Catfish (SS-339) sails from Yokosuka for a reconnaissance of the China coast followed on the next day by Tench-class submarine USS Pickerel (SS-524).

[lordroel]

Day 25 of the Korean War, July 19th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula (Battle of Taejon)

North Korean forces enter Taejon, the site of the 24th Infantry Division's headquarters. The 3rd Division (North Korea) formed a roadblock between Taejon and Okchon, cutting off the 21st Infantry in its reserve positions. The 21st Infantry was subsequently unable to join the fight. However it attempted to hold the route of escape for the rest of the division during most of the fight at Taejon. At the same time, tanks from the 105th Armored Division (North Korea) began to enter the city, followed by troops of the 3rd Division (North Korea) and 4th Division (North Korea). There, the North Korean forces deployed, occupying key buildings throughout the city to establish sniper positions. American attacks against these positions later set fire to many of Taejon's wooden buildings. North Korean forces prioritize and attempted to eliminate American gun emplacements, food stores, and ammunition dumps, having received information on the location of these facilities through agents operating in the city. At Taejon, the battered 24th Infantry Division (United States) was ordered to make a stand. The 34th Infantry Regiment (United States) also moved to the city to oppose the North Korean forces, which assaulted it head-on while attempting to flank and cut off retreat from the rear. Dean began ordering elements of the division, including much of his headquarters, to retreat via train to Taegu, although he remained behind. By this time, several M24 Chaffee light tanks had been sent to reinforce the division from A Company of the 78th Tank Battalion (United States). Regardless of the additional tanks, on July 20th, North Korean armored units pushed American forces back from Taejon Airfield, several miles northwest of Taejon, overwhelming the last American units defending the Kum River and forcing the remnants of the division into Taejon itself. At this point the city was surrounded and North Korean troops began setting roadblocks along the roads out of the city.

Air operations - Korean peninsula

In a dogfight near Taejon, Fifth Air Force F-80s shot down three enemy Yaks, the highest daily number of aerial victories this month.

In the campaign to establish air superiority in the theater, seven F-80s of the 8th Fighter-Bomber Group (FBG) led by United States Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel William T. Samways, destroy fifteen enemy airplanes on the ground near Pyongyang.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

United States Navy, Ensign Donald E. Stevens of VA-55 off Essex-class aircraft carriers USS Valley Forge (CV-45) is shot down and killed in an AD-4 Skyraider during a strafing run at Kangmyong-ni, thus becoming the first naval aviator lost in action in Korea. Although North Korean anti-aircraft weapons are generally ineffective, the large volume of small-arms fire that could be put up by the large numbers of North Korean troops is becoming increasingly dangerous.

Photo: Flight deck tractors tow Grumman F9F-3 Panthers of Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51) "Screaming Eagles" forward on the flight deck of the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45), in preparation for catapulting them off to attack North Korean targets, July 1950. Valley Forge had launched air strikes on 3-4 July and 18-19 July 1950



Photo: A U.S. Navy Grumman F9F-2 Panther from Fighter Squadron 52 (VF-52) "Knightriders" prepares for launch from the aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45) off Korea on 19 July 1950. VF-52 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 5 (CVG-5) aboard the "Happy Valley" for a deployment to the Western Pacific and the Korean War from 1 May to 1 December 1950



Japan

Aircraft repair ship and light aircraft carrier HMS Unicorn (I72) arrives at Sasebo and transferred seven Seafires and five Fireflies to Royal Navy Colossus-class light fleet aircraft carrier HMS Triumph (R16) as squadron replacements.

[lordroel]

Day 26 of the Korean War, July 20th 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

The 8th Cavalry Regiment (United States) came ashore and closed in on an assembly area east of Yongdong, unaware that the strength of Typhoon Helene, which had swept the eastern coast of Korea, would prevent the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment (United States) and 82nd Field Artillery Battalion (United States) from landing until July 22nd.

Photo: A Russian made T34/85 tank knocked out in Taejon, Korea, stands at testimony to the heroic action of Major General William F. Dean, Commanding Officer, 24th Infantry Division, 20 July 1950



Land operations - Korean peninsula (Battle of Taejon)

United States Army, General William F. Dean, commander of the 24th Infantry Division (United States) orders the headquarters of the 34th Infantry Regiment (United States) to withdraw. His command was reinforced by several more light tanks from the 1st Cavalry Division (United States). As the tanks fought through a North Korean roadblock, Dean, with a small force of soldiers, followed them. At the edge of the city, the final elements of the 34th Infantry, leaving the city in 50 vehicles, were ambushed and many of their vehicles were destroyed by machine guns and mortars, forcing the Americans to retreat on foot. When the last of the 34th Infantry's defenders left the city, the 21st Infantry Regiment (United States), which had been protecting the road to Taegu, also withdrew, leaving Taejon in the hands of the North Korean forces.

YouTube (US Army 24th Infantry in Battle of Taejon, with General William Dean)



Air operations - Korean peninsula

Despite Far East Air Force (FEAF) close air support, the North Korean Army take Taejon, forcing the remnants of the US 24th Infantry Division to withdraw to the southeast. US ground forces defending Taejon had suffered in seven days almost thirty percent casualties.

United States Air Force, Major General Otto P. Weyland, arrives in the Far East to assume the position of FEAF Vice Commander for Operations.

Fifth Air Force pilots in F-80s shot down two more enemy aircraft. Enemy air opposition by this time has virtually disappeared, a sign of UN air superiority.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119), Town-class light cruiser HMS Belfast, Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728), Fletcher-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) and C-class destroyer HMS Cossack (R57) after two days of shooting up the valley off Yongdok has seen the ships spend some 1,300 rounds and got them a radio station, more than 400 enemy troops "by actual count," and enthusiastic reports from the shore fire control personnel. But at Yongdok, as all around the perimeter, pressure continued to be severe, information scanty, and communications inadequate. The forces defending the town had lost contact with General Walker’s headquarters: a EUSAK message advising that the general situation was critical and that the line had to be held reached the Army ashore only after relay by Juneau. Admiral Doyle, too, was in the dark and with his second echelon scheduled to reach Pohang the next day, asked for information on the situation and prospects at Yongdok. Again the whaleboat was called away, and information brought back from shore indicated that landing operations could be safely continued, and that the ROK forces were planning the recapture of Yongdok on the morrow.

United States

The U.S. Navy activated 14 squadrons of Organized Reserve for deployment to Korea, including eight carrier fighter squadrons, two carrier attack squadrons, one ASW squadron, one fleet aircraft service squadron, and two patrol squadrons.

Benelux

The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg offer a joint military force for Korean duty. The Joint Chiefs of Staff replied that such a force would be acceptable, though they prefer separate contingents.

[lordroel]

Day 27 of the Korean War, July 21st 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

The Battle of Taejon ends in tactical North Korean victory but a strategic U.S. victory as the 24th Infantry Division (United States) was able to delay the North Koreans long enough for other American divisions to establish a defensive perimeter around Pusan further south.

Photo: Elements of units of the 2nd Div, KA retreating to higher ground after evacuation of Hoein sector," 21 July 1950



Naval operations - Korean peninsula

After a 15-minute bombardment of the town of Yongdok, two star shells from Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119) gave the signal for the attack, which sees the South Koreans overruning the town. Firing in support of the advance continued throughout the day and USS Juneau (CL-119), Town-class light cruiser HMS Belfast and the destroyers expended more than 800 rounds. In the afternoon HMS Belfast and Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Mansfield (DD-728) retired to Sasebo while USS Juneau (CL-119), with Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729) and Gearing-class destroyer USS Higbee (DDR-806) continued close off Yongdok.

Kwajalein

Task Group 214.4 consisting of V-class destroyer HMCS Sioux (R64), Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Athabaskan (G07) and HMCS Cayuga (RO4) arrive at Kwajalein where they will take on fuel before heading to Guam.

[lordroel]

Day 28 of the Korean War, July 22nd 1950

Land operations - Korean peninsula

The 24th Infantry Division (United States) is relieved by the 1st Cavalry Division (United States). It was put under the command of United States Army, Major General John H. Church, in the absence of Dean, whose whereabouts are unknown. After three weeks of fighting, the division has suffered almost 30 percent casualties.

Photo: M101 105 mm howitzer in action, Korea, 22 July 1950



Photo: South Korean soldiers, members of the 1st Div, I Corps, prepare and lay antitank mine, somewhere in Korea," 22 July 1950



Air operations - Korean peninsula

The 3rd Air Rescue Squadron deployed the first H-5 helicopter in Korea to Taegu.

Naval operations - Korean peninsula

Republic of Korean Navy, YMS-1-class minesweeper ROKS YMS 513 sinks three enemy vessels off Chulpo.

With the capture of Yongdok a day before by South Korean forces, 243 rounds are fired by Juneau-class cruiser USS Juneau (CL-119), but this time things went badly. The enemy counterattacked in force, the artillery observer are forced to retire, communications broke down and weather has again grounded the spotting planes.

Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45) and Colossus-class light fleet aircraft carrier HMS Triumph (R16) attacked the airfield and other targets around Haeju, North Korea (on the southern side of North Korea’s west coast), as well as targets near North Korean-occupied Inchon on the coast of South Korea west of Seoul. TF 77 then commenced a return transit to Japan to refuel, rearm, and resupply. (The ability of the U.S. Navy to sustain itself at sea via underway replenishment, critical to victory against Japan in World War II, had been severely diminished as a result of the aforementioned severe postwar budget cuts.)

Photo: Navy Planes Bomb Korean Bridge. U.S. Navy carrier planes of the Seventh Fleet exacted a heavy toll on enemy targets north and south of the 38th parallel in Korea, July 22, 1950, shown here is the damage to a railroad bridge. Returning Navy pilots of the attack bombing “Skyraiders” and “Panther” jet fighters reported they encountered no enemy air operations. Navy pilots flew a total of 119 sorties in the one-day strike. Air operations were under the command of Rear Admiral Jonathan M. Hoskins. Vice Admiral Arthur D. Struble, Commander of the Seventh Fleet, was in overall command of the operation



YMS-1 Class Motor Minesweeper ROKS Kim Chon (YMS 513) sank another three North Korean supply craft near Chulpo in southwestern South Korea.

Of the approximately 120 escort carriers built in the United States during World War II (of which some went to the British), only about half a dozen were still in commission in 1950. At the start of the Korean War, Commencement Bay-class escort carrier USS Badoeng Strait (CVE-116), which was commissioned too late to see combat service in World War II, was on a midshipmen cruise from San Diego to Pearl Harbor. She disembarked the midshipmen in Pearl Harbor, returned to San Diego, embarked Marine Air Group 33 F4U Corsairs, and departed en route the Far East. She arrived in Yokosuka, Japan on July 22nd, for here first deployment to Korea.

Japan

The Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Boxer (CV-21) arrives in Japan with 145 USAF F-51s aboard.