This Day in History

[lordroel]

October 14th

YouTube (Today in History for October 14th)



1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.

1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, goes on trial for conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth I of England.

1656 – Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).

1758 – Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great suffers a rare defeat at the Battle of Hochkirch.

1773 – The first recorded ministry of education, the Commission of National Education, is formed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1805 – War of the Third Coalition: A French corps defeats an Austrian attempt to escape encirclement at Ulm.

1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Napoleon decisively defeats Prussia at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt.

1808 – The Republic of Ragusa is annexed by France.

1843 – Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell arrested by British on charges of criminal conspiracy.

1863 – American Civil War: Confederate troops under the command of A. P. Hill fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.

1884 – American inventor George Eastman receives a U.S. Government patent on his new paper-strip film.

1888 – Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture, Roundhay Garden Scene.

1898 – The steam ship SS Mohegan sinks near the Lizard peninsula, Cornwall, killing 106.

1908 – The Chicago Cubs defeat the Detroit Tigers, 2–0, clinching the 1908 World Series; this would be their last until winning the 2016 World Series.

1910 – English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his aircraft on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.

1912 – Former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot and mildly wounded by John Flammang Schrank. With the fresh wound in his chest, and the bullet still within it, Roosevelt delivers his scheduled speech.

1913 – Senghenydd colliery disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident, claims the lives of 439 miners.

1915 – World War I: Bulgaria joins the Central Powers.

1920 – Finland and Soviet Russia sign the Treaty of Tartu, exchanging some territories.

1926 – The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A. A. Milne, is first published.

1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations and World Disarmament Conference.

1938 – The first flight of the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter plane.

1939 – World War II: The German submarine U-47 sinks the British battleship HMS Royal Oak within her harbour at Scapa Flow, Scotland.

1940 – World War II: The Balham underground station disaster kills sixty-six people during the London Blitz.

1943 – World War II: Prisoners at the Sobibór extermination camp in Poland revolt against the Germans.

1943 – World War II: The American Eighth Air Force loses 60 of 291 B-17 Flying Fortress during the Second Raid on Schweinfurt.

1943 – World War II: The Second Philippine Republic, a puppet state of Japan, is inaugurated with José P. Laurel as its president.

1944 – World War II: Linked to a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel is forced to commit suicide.

1947 – Chuck Yeager becomes the first person to exceed the speed of sound.

1949 – The Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders in the United States convicts eleven defendants of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the federal government.

1952 – Korean War: The Battle of Triangle Hill is the biggest and bloodiest battle of 1952.

1956 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar converts from Hinduism to Buddhism along with 385,000 of his followers.

1957 – The 23rd Canadian Parliament becomes the only one to be personally opened by the Queen of Canada.

1957 – At least 81 people are killed in the most devastating flood in the history of the Spanish city of Valencia.

1962 – The Cuban Missile Crisis begins when an American reconnaissance aircraft takes photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles being installed in Cuba.

1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.

1964 – The Soviet Presidium and the Communist Party Central Committee each vote to accept Nikita Khrushchev's "voluntary" request to retire from his offices.

1966 – The city of Montreal begins the operation of its underground Montreal Metro rapid transit system.

1968 – The first live TV broadcast by American astronauts in orbit is performed by the Apollo 7 crew.

1968 – The 6.5 Mw  Meckering earthquake shook the southwest portion of Western Australia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing $2.2 million in damage and leaving 20–28 people dead.

1968 – Jim Hines becomes the first man ever to break the so-called "ten-second barrier" in the 100-meter sprint with a time of 9.95 seconds.

1973 – In the Thammasat student uprising, over 100,000 people protest in Thailand against the military government. Seventy-seven are killed and 857 are injured by soldiers.

1977 – Anita Bryant gets a pie thrown in her face at a news conference in Des Moines by gay rights activist Tom Higgins for her anti LGBT commentary. [1]

1979 – The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights draws approximately 100,000 people.

1981 – Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected as the President of Egypt, one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat.

1982 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.

1991 – Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1994 – Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres receive the Nobel Peace Prize for their role in the establishment of the Oslo Accords and the framing of future Palestinian self government.

1998 – Eric Rudolph is charged with six bombings, including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

2004 – MK Airlines Flight 1602 crashes during take off from Halifax Stanfield International Airport, killing all seven people on board.

2004 – Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 crashes in Jefferson City, Missouri. The two pilots (the aircraft's only occupants) are killed.[2]

2012 – Felix Baumgartner successfully jumps to Earth from a balloon in the stratosphere.

2014 – A snowstorm and avalanche in the Nepalese Himalayas triggered by the remnants of Cyclone Hudhud kills 43 people.

2014 – Utah State University receives a bomb threat against feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian, who was to give a lecture the next day.

2014 – The Serbia vs. Albania UEFA qualifying match is canceled after 42 minutes due to several incidents on and off the pitch. Albania is eventually awarded a win.

2015 – A suicide bomb attack in Pakistan kills at least seven people and injures 13 others.

2017 – A massive truck bombing in Somalia kills 358 people and injures more than 400 others.

[stevep]

Oct 14, 2019 2:51:56 GMT lordroel said:

October 14th

1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.

  Well I knew what was probably the start of the biggest disaster in British history would be coming up.    Mind you its the only non-US item to make it onto today's video link list.  That does also include one item you didn't have, the death of the singer Bing Crosby in 1977.

[lordroel]

Oct 14, 2019 17:57:21 GMT stevep said:

Oct 14, 2019 2:51:56 GMT lordroel said:

October 14th

1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.

  Well I knew what was probably the start of the biggest disaster in British history would be coming up.    Mind you its the only non-US item to make it onto today's video link list.  That does also include one item you didn't have, the death of the singer Bing Crosby in 1977.

Well had known about the Today in History some time before i started it you would most likely see more British stuff mentioned, like Beatles coming to America.

[lordroel]

October 15th

YouTube (Today in History for October 15th)



1066 – Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England, but is never crowned. He reigns until 10 December 1066.

1211 – The Latin emperor Henry of Flanders defeats the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Laskaris.

1529 – The Siege of Vienna ends when Austria routs the invading Ottoman forces, ending its European expansion.

1582 – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar begins, eventually leading to near-universal adoption.

1764 – Edward Gibbon is inspired to begin work on The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

1783 – The Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon makes the first human ascent, piloted by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier.

1793 – Queen Marie Antoinette of France is tried and convicted, and condemned to death the following day.

1809 – The Viceroy the Río de la Plata, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, opens the port of Buenos Aires to trade with nations other than Spain.

1815 – Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

1821 – The Cortes of Cádiz decides to create the providence of Logroño.

1863 – American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks, killing its inventor.

1864 – American Civil War: The Union garrison of Glasgow, Missouri surrenders to Confederate forces.

1874 – The Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua is established in Quito, Ecuador.

1878 – The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.

1879 – The Segura river in southeastern Spain floods, killing 1077 people.

1880 – In Germany, the inauguration of the Cologne Cathedral is celebrated.

1888 – The "From Hell" letter allegedly sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.

1894 – Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying.

1904 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Baltic Fleet begins a seven-month voyage to the Far East.

1910 – Airship America is launched from New Jersey in the first attempt to cross the Atlantic by a powered aircraft.

1917 – World War I: Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by France for espionage.

1923 – The German Rentenmark is introduced in Germany to counter hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.

1928 – The airship, Graf Zeppelin completes its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing in the United States.

1932 – Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight.

1939 – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed LaGuardia Airport) is dedicated.

1940 – President Lluís Companys of Catalonia is executed by the Francoist government.

1944 – World War II: Germany replaces the Hungarian government after it announces an armistice with the Soviet Union.

1945 – The former premier of Vichy France, Pierre Laval, is executed for treason.

1946 – The United Nations Security Council Resolution 9 concerning the International Court of Justice is unanimously adopted.

1951 – Mexican chemist Luis E. Miramontes completes the synthesis of norethisterone, the basis of an early oral contraceptive.

1954 – Hurricane Hazel devastates the eastern seaboard of North America, killing 95 and causing massive floods as far north as Toronto.

1956 – FORTRAN, the first modern computer language, is first shared with the coding community.

1962 – The CIA notifies the State Department that Soviet ballistic missiles are in Cuba, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

1964 – Alexei Kosygin becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1964 – Vietnam War: Nguyễn Văn Trỗi is executed for attempting to assassinate the United States Secretary of Defense.

1965 – Vietnam War: A draft card is burned during an anti-war rally by the Catholic Worker Movement, resulting in the first arrest under a new law.

1966 – The Black Panther Party is founded.

1967 – The Motherland Calls, a memorial statue "For the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad", is unveiled.

1969 – In the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, over two million demonstrate nationally; about 250,000 in Washington D.C.

1970 – Thirty-five construction workers are killed when a section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses.

1979 – Supporters of the Malta Labour Party ransack and destroy the Times of Malta building and other locations associated with the Nationalist Party.

1979 – The Salvadoran Civil War begins.

1987 – In Burkina Faso, a military coup was orchestrated by Blaise Compaoré against incumbent President Thomas Sankara.

1989 – Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the NHL.

1989 – Eight of those convicted in the Rivonia Trial are released from prison.

1990 – Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.

1991 – The first ultra-high-energy cosmic ray is detected.

1994 – The Clinton administration returns Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, to the island.

1995 – Marco Campos dies in a race at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, the only driver ever killed in the International Formula 3000 series.

1995 – Saddam Hussein is reelected president of Iraq through a referendum.

1997 – Andy Green in ThrustSSC sets the first supersonic land speed record.

1997 – The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.

2001 – NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of Jupiter's moon Io.

2003 – China launches Shenzhou 5, its first manned space mission.

2005 – A planned neo-Nazi protest against African-American street gangs sets off a riot in Toledo, Ohio. Twenty-nine people are arrested.

2005 – Iraqis vote to ratify the new constitution.

2006 – The 6.7 Mw Kiholo Bay earthquake rocks Hawaii, causing property damage, injuries, landslides, power outages, and the closure of Honolulu International Airport.

2007 – Seventeen activists in New Zealand are arrested in the country's first post-9/11 anti-terrorism raids.

2008 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes down 733.08 points, or 7.87%, the second worst percentage drop in the Dow's history.

2011 – The 2011 Global Protests occur.

2013 – The 7.2 Mw Bohol earthquake strikes the Philippines. At least 215 die.

2016 – One hundred ninety-seven nations amend the Montreal Protocol to include a phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons.

[lordroel]

October 16th

YouTube (Today in History for October 16th)



456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.

690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.

912 – Abd ar-Rahman III becomes the 8th Emir of Córdoba

955 – King Otto I defeats a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

1311 – The Council of Vienne convenes for the first time.

1384 – Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.

1590 – Prince Gesualdo of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.

1736 – Mathematician William Whiston's predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.

1780 – American Revolutionary War: The British-led Royalton raid is the last Native American raid on New England.

1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.

1793 – French Revolution: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed.

1793 – War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.

1805 – War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon surrounds the Austrian army at Ulm.

1813 – The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the three-day Battle of Leipzig.

1817 – Simón Bolívar sentences Manuel Piar to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.

1834 – Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.

1836 – Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers repulse a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.

1841 – Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.

1843 – William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.

1846 – William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.

1847 – The novel Jane Eyre is published in London.

1859 – John Brown leads a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

1869 – The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".

1869 – Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.

1875 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.

1882 – The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.

1905 – The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.

1906 – The Wilhelm Voigt fools the city hall of Köpenick and several soldiers by impersonating a Prussian officer.

1909 – William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.

1916 – Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.

1919 – Adolf Hitler delivers his first public address at a meeting of the German Workers' Party.

1923 – The Walt Disney Company is founded.

1934 – Chinese Communists begin the Long March to escape Nationalist encirclement.

1939 – World War II: No. 603 Squadron RAF intercepts the first Luftwaffe raid on Britain.

1940 – Holocaust in Poland: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.

1943 – Holocaust in Italy: Raid of the Ghetto of Rome

1946 – Nuremberg trials: Defendants in the Main Trial are executed.

1947 – The Philippines takes over the administration of the Turtle Islands and the Mangsee Islands from the United Kingdom.

1949 – The Greek Communist Party announces a "temporary cease-fire", thus ending the Greek Civil War.

1950 – The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is published.

1951 – The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.

1962 – Cuban missile crisis begins: Kennedy is informed of photos taken on October 14 by a U-2 showing nuclear missiles(the crisis will last for 13 days starting from this point)

1964 – China detonates its first nuclear weapon.

1964 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes leader of the Soviet Communist Party, while Alexei Kosygin becomes the head of government.

1968 – Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the Olympics Black Power salute.

1968 – Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.

1968 – Yasunari Kawabata becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

1970 – Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act during the October Crisis.

1973 – Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1975 – Indonesian troops kill the Balibo Five, a group of Australian journalists, Portuguese Timor.

1975 – Three-year-old Rahima Banu, from Bangladesh, is the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox.

1975 – The Australian Coalition sparks a constitutional crisis when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.

1978 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.

1984 – Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1991 – George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20.

1995 – The Million Man March takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attended.

1995 – The Skye Bridge in Scotland is opened.

1996 – Eighty-four football fans die and 180 are injured in a massive crush at a match in Guatemala City.

1998 – Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a murder extradition warrant.

2002 – The Bibliotheca Alexandrina opens in Egypt, commemorating the ancient library of Alexandria.

2013 – Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.

2017 – Storm Ophelia strikes the U.K. and Ireland causing major damage and power loss.

[lordroel]

October 17th

YouTube (Today in History for October 17th)



1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London.

1346 – The English capture King David II of Scotland at Neville's Cross and imprison him for eleven years.

1448 – An Ottoman army defeats a Hungarian army at the Second Battle of Kosovo.

1456 – The University of Greifswald is established as the second oldest university in northern Europe.

1534 – Anti-Catholic posters appear in Paris and other cities supporting Huldrych Zwingli's position on the Mass.

1558 – Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, is founded.

1604 – Kepler's Supernova is observed in the constellation of Ophiuchus.

1610 – French king Louis XIII is crowned in Reims Cathedral.

1660 – The Nine regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered.

1662 – Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to Louis XIV of France for 40,000 pounds.

1771 – Premiere in Milan of the opera Ascanio in Alba, composed by Mozart at age 15.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: British General John Burgoyne surrenders his army at Saratoga, New York.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: British General Charles, Earl Cornwallis surrenders at the Siege of Yorktown.

1800 – War of the Second Coalition: Britain takes control of the Dutch colony of Curaçao.

1806 – Former leader of the Haitian Revolution, Emperor Jacques I, is assassinated after an oppressive rule.

1814 – Eight people die in the London Beer Flood.

1817 – The tomb of Pharaoh Seti I is discovered.

1827 – Bellini's third opera, Il pirata, is premiered at Milan.

1860 – First The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open).

1861 – Aborigines kill Nineteen Europeans in the Cullin-la-ringo massacre.

1888 – Thomas Edison files a patent for the Optical Phonograph (the first movie).

1907 – Marconi begins the first commercial transatlantic wireless service.

1912 – Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro in the First Balkan War.

1919 – RCA is incorporated as the Radio Corporation of America.

1931 – Al Capone is convicted of income tax evasion.

1933 – Albert Einstein flees Nazi Germany and moves to the United States.

1940 – The body of Communist propagandist Willi Münzenberg found in South France, starting a never-resolved mystery.

1941 – World War II: The USS Kearny becomes the first US Navy vessel to be torpedoed by a U-boat.

1943 – The Burma Railway (Burma–Thailand Railway) is completed.

1943 – Holocaust in Poland: Sobibór extermination camp is closed.

1945 – A massive demonstration in Buenos Aires, Argentina, demands Juan Perón's release.

1956 – The first commercial nuclear power station is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in Sellafield, England.

1956 – Bobby Fischer defeats Donald Byrne in the chess Game of the Century.

1961 – Directed by their chief Maurice Papon, Paris police massacre scores of Algerian protesters.

1965 – The 1964–65 New York World's Fair closes after two years and more than 51 million attendees.

1966 – The 23rd Street Fire in New York City kills 12 firefighters.

1969 – The Caravaggio painting Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence is stolen from the Oratory of Saint Lawrence in Palermo.[2]

1970 – FLQ terrorists murder Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte.

1973 – OPEC imposes an oil embargo against countries they deem to have helped Israel in the Yom Kippur War.

1977 – The hijacked Lufthansa Flight 181 lands in Mogadishu. The remaining hostages are later rescued.

1979 – Mother Teresa is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1979 – The Department of Education Organization Act creates the US Department of Education.

1980 – As part of the Holy See–United Kingdom relations a British monarch makes the first state visit to the Vatican

1989 – The 6.9 Mw Loma Prieta earthquake shakes the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Coast, killing Sixty-three.

1989 – The East German Politburo votes to remove Erich Honecker from his role as General Secretary.

1992 – Having gone to the wrong house, Japanese student Yoshihiro Hattori is killed by the homeowner in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

1994 – Russian journalist Dmitry Kholodov is assassinated while investigating corruption in the armed forces.

2000 – The Hatfield rail crash leads to the collapse of Railtrack.

2001 – Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze'evi becomes the first Israeli minister to be assassinated in a terrorist attack.

2003 – Taipei 101, a 101-floor skyscraper in Taipei, becomes the world's tallest highrise.

2018 – The recreational use of cannabis is legalized in Canada.

2018 – Kerch Polytechnic College attack in Crimea.

[lordroel]

October 18th

YouTube (Today in History for October 18th)



320 – Pappus of Alexandria observes a solar eclipse.

614 – The Edict of Paris defends the rights of the Frankish nobles and restricts Jewish employment.

629 – Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks.

1009 – Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah demolishes the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

1016 – Cnut the Great completes his conquest of England in the Battle of Assandun.

1081 – Byzantine–Norman wars: The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium.

1244 – The Khwarazmian Turks and Egypt defeat Damascus and the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of La Forbie.

1356 – The Basel earthquake is the most significant historic seismological event north of the Alps.

1540 – Spanish conquistadors destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama, killing Tuskaloosa.

1561 – In Japan, the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima was fought between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen, resulting in a draw.

1565 – Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.

1599 – Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the army of Andrew Báthory in the Battle of Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.

1748 – The signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession.

1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Burning of Falmouth (now Portland, Maine).

1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah is lifted.

1797 – The Treaty of Campo Formio between France and Austria, among other provisions, abolishes the Republic of Venice.

1851 – Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale.

1860 – The Second Opium War ends at the Convention of Peking.

1867 – The United States takes possession of Alaska after purchasing it from Russia for $7.2 million.

1898 – Spanish–American War: The Puerto Rican Campaign ends when the last Spanish troops, officials and loyalists withdraw from the island.

1914 – The Catholic Schoenstatt Movement is founded in Germany.

1921 – The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

1922 – The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a national broadcasting service.

1929 – The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overrules the Supreme Court of Canada in Edwards v. Canada when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law.

1940 – World War II: Italian submarine Durbo is scuttled by her crew near the island of Alboran after attack by destroyers HMS Firedrake and HMS Wrestler.

1944 – World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm, Germany.

1945 – The Soviet nuclear program receives plans for the American Nagasaki bomb from atomic spies.

1945 – A group of the Venezuelan Armed Forces stages a coup d'état against President Angarita, who is overthrown by the end of the day.

1945 – Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón marries actress Eva Duarte.

1951 – The Studio for Electronic Music was established at the West German Broadcasting facility in Cologne, making the first modern music studio.

1954 – Texas Instruments announces the first transistor radio.

1963 – Félicette, a black and white female Parisian stray cat becomes the first cat launched into space.

1967 – The Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus, and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet.

1977 – German Autumn: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide.

1979 – The Federal Communications Commission begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license.

1991 – The Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopts a declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.

2003 – President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada is forced into exile by the Bolivian gas conflict.

2007 – A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself was uninjured.

2011 – An Israeli soldier, Gilad Shalit of the Israel Defense Forces is released by Hamas as part of a prisoner exchange deal, after being held captive for over five years.

[stevep]

Oct 18, 2019 7:36:20 GMT lordroel said:

October 18th


1929 – The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overrules the Supreme Court of Canada in Edwards v. Canada when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law.

  Interesting this that such an issue can be argued so late in a country as modern as Canada.  Also like the "living tree doctrine" that the Privy Council used to argue that even written constitutions can change their meaning over time as terms get different meanings.

[lordroel]

October 19th

YouTube (Today in History for October 19th)



202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage.

439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.

1216 – King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.

1386 – The Universität Heidelberg holds its first lecture, making it the oldest German university.

1453 – Hundred Years' War: Three months after the Battle of Castillon, England loses its last possessions in southern France.

1466 – The Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the Teutonic Order ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.

1469 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.

1512 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology.

1596 – The Spanish ship San Felipe runs aground on the coast of Japan and its cargo is confiscated by local authorities

1649 – New Ross town in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: The siege of Yorktown comes to an end.

1789 – John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.

1805 – War of the Third Coalition: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to Napoleon at the Battle of Ulm.

1812 – The French invasion of Russia fails when Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.

1813 – War of the Sixth Coalition: Napoleon is forced to retreat from Germany after the Battle of Leipzig.

1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Cedar Creek ends the last Confederate threat to Washington, DC.

1864 – American Civil War: Confederate agents based in Canada rob three banks in Saint Albans, Vermont.

1866 – In accordance with the Treaty of Vienna, Austria cedes Veneto and Mantua to France, which immediately awards them to Italy in exchange for the earlier Italian acquiescence to the French annexation of Savoy and Nice.

1900 – Max Planck discovers Planck's law of black-body radiation.

1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italy takes possession of what is now Libya from the Ottoman Empire.

1914 – First World War: The First Battle of Ypres begins.

1921 – The Portuguese Prime Minister and several officials are murdered in the Bloody Night coup.

1922 – British Conservative MPs vote to terminate the coalition government with the Liberal Party.

1933 – Konstantin von Neurath withdraws Germany from the League of Nations.

1935 – The League of Nations places economic sanctions on Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.

1943 – The cargo vessel Sinfra is attacked by Allied aircraft at Crete and sunk. 2,098 Italian prisoners of war drown with it.

1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.

1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines.

1944 – A coup is launched against Juan Federico Ponce Vaides, beginning the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution

1950 – China defeats the Tibetan Army at Chambo.

1950 – Korean War: The Battle of Pyongyang ends in a United Nations victory. Hours later, the Chinese Army begins crossing the border into Korea.

1950 – Iran becomes the first country to accept technical assistance from the United States under the Point Four Program.

1956 – The Soviet Union and Japan sign a Joint Declaration, officially ending the state of war between the two countries that had existed since August 1945.

1960 – The United States imposes a near-total trade embargo against Cuba.

1973 – President Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes.

1974 – Niue becomes a self-governing colony of New Zealand.

1984 – A Roman Catholic priest, Jerzy Popiełuszko, associated with the Solidarity Union, is killed by three agents of the Polish Communist internal intelligence agency.

1986 – The president of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, along with 33 others, die when their aircraft crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.

1987 – The United States Navy conducts Operation Nimble Archer, an attack on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf.

1987 – Black Monday: The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.

1988 – The British government imposes a broadcasting ban on television and radio interviews with members of Sinn Féin and eleven Irish republican and Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups.

1989 – The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.

2001 – SIEV X, an Indonesian fishing boat en route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 migrants, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.

2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.

2005 – Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.

2005 – Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.

2012 – A bomb explosion kills eight people and injures 110 more in Lebanon.

2013 – At least 105 people are injured in a train crash in Buenos Aires.

[lordroel]

October 20th

YouTube (Today in History for October 20th)



1548 – The city of La Paz is founded by Alonso de Mendoza.

1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.

1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the relief of Goes.

1720 – Caribbean pirate Calico Jack is captured by the Royal Navy.

1740 – France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony refuse to honour the Pragmatic Sanction, and the War of the Austrian Succession begins.

1781 – The Patent of Toleration, providing limited freedom of worship, is approved in Austria.

1803 – The United States Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase.

1818 – The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and the United Kingdom, which settles the Canada–United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length.

1827 – In the Battle of Navarino, a combined Turkish and Egyptian fleet is defeated by British, French and Russian naval forces in the last significant battle fought with wooden sailing ships.

1883 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.

1904 – Chile and Bolivia sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship, delimiting the border between the two countries.

1910 – The hull of the RMS Olympic, sister-ship to the ill-fated RMS Titanic, is launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast.

1935 – The Long March, a mammoth retreat undertaken by the armed forces of the Chinese Communist Party a year prior, ends.

1941 – World War II: Thousands of civilians in German-occupied Serbia are murdered in the Kragujevac massacre.

1944 – World War II: The Soviet Army and Yugoslav Partisans liberate Belgrade.

1944 – Liquefied natural gas leaks from storage tanks in Cleveland and then explodes, leveling 30 blocks and killing 130 people.

1944 – American general Douglas MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he commands an Allied assault on the islands.

1947 – The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigation into Communist infiltration of the Hollywood film industry, resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years.

1951 – The "Johnny Bright incident" occurs in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

1952 – The Governor of Kenya declares a state of emergency and begins arresting hundreds of suspected leaders of the Mau Mau Uprising.

1961 – The Soviet Union performs the first armed test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile, launching an R-13 from a Golf-class submarine.

1962 – People's Republic of China launches simultaneous offensives in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line, igniting the Sino-Indian War.

1968 – Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis.

1973 – "Saturday Night Massacre": United States President Richard Nixon fires U.S. Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork.

1973 – The Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II after 14 years of construction.

1976 – The ferry George Prince is struck by a ship while crossing the Mississippi River. Seventy-eight passengers and crew die, and only 18 people aboard the ferry survive.

1977 – Rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd's airplane crashes. Lead singer Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Steve Gaines perish in the crash.

1981 – Two police officers and an armored car guard are killed during an armed robbery carried out by members of the Black Liberation Army and Weather Underground.

1982 – During the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem, 66 people are crushed to death in the Luzhniki disaster.

1991 – A 6.8 Mw earthquake strikes the Uttarkashi region of India, killing more than 1,000 people.

2011 – Libyan Civil War: Rebel forces capture Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown of Sirte and kill him shortly thereafter.

[lordroel]

October 21st

YouTube (Today in History for October 21st)



1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fight off the People's Crusade.

1097 – Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of Antioch.

1209 – Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.

1392 – Japanese Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu.

1512 – Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.

1520 – Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as the Strait of Magellan.

1520 – João Álvares Fagundes discovers the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins".

1600 – Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara and becomes shōgun of Japan.

1774 – The flag of Taunton, Massachusetts is the first to include the word "Liberty".

1797 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.

1805 – Napoleonic Wars: A British fleet led by Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve in the Battle of Trafalgar.

1824 – Portland cement is patented.

1854 – Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War.

1861 – American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.

1867 – The Medicine Lodge Treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.

1879 – Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his design for an incandescent light bulb.

1888 – Foundation of the Swiss Social Democratic Party.

1892 – Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893.

1895 – The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.

1910 – HMS Niobe arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.

1921 – President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting U.S. President against lynching in the deep South.

1931 – A secret society in the Imperial Japanese Army launches an abortive coup d'état attempt.

1940 – The first edition of the Ernest Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published.

1943 – World War II: The Provisional Government of Free India is formally established in Japanese-occupied Singapore.

1944 – World War II: The first kamikaze attack damages HMAS Australia as the Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.

1944 – World War II: The Nemmersdorf massacre against the German civilians takes place.

1944 – World War II: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.

1945 – French women vote for the first time during the 1945 French legislative election.

1950 – Korean War: Heavy fighting begins between British and Australian forces against the North Koreans during the Battle of Yongju.

1956 – The Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya is defeated.

1959 – In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public.

1959 – President Eisenhower approves the transfer of all US Army space-related activities to NASA, including most of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency.

1965 – Comet Ikeya–Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers (279,617 miles) from the sun.

1966 – A colliery spoil tip collapses on the village of Aberfan in Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren.

1967 – The National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam organizes a march of fifty thousand people from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.

1969 – The 1969 Somali coup d'état establishes a Marxist–Leninist administration.

1971 – A gas explosion kills 22 people at a shopping centre near Glasgow, Scotland.

1973 – Fred Dryer of the Los Angeles Rams becomes the first player in NFL history to score two safeties in the same game.

1978 – Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.

1979 – Moshe Dayan resigns from the Israeli government because of strong disagreements with Prime Minister Menachem Begin over policy towards the Arabs.

1981 – Andreas Papandreou becomes Prime Minister of Greece, ending an almost 50-year-long system of power dominated by conservative forces.

1983 – The metre is defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

1986 – In Lebanon, pro-Iran kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he is released in August 1991).

1987 – The Jaffna hospital massacre is carried out by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka, killing 70 ethnic Tamil patients, doctors and nurses.

1994 – North Korea and the United States sign an Agreed Framework that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.

1994 – In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people are killed when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapses.

2005 – Images of the dwarf planet Eris are taken and subsequently used in documenting its discovery.

[lordroel]

October 22nd

YouTube (Today in History for October 22nd)



451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted.

794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).

906 – Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.

1383 – King Fernando dies without a male heir to the Portuguese throne, sparking a period of civil war and disorder.

1575 – Foundation of Aguascalientes City in New Spain.

1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.

1707 – Four British naval vessels run aground on the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. In response, the first Longitude Act is enacted in 1714.

1721 – Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.

1730 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed.

1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.

1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.

1797 – André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from one thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris.

1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

1844 – Millerites, followers of anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day became known as the Great Disappointment.

1859 – Spain declares war on Morocco.

1866 – A plebiscite ratifies the annexion of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, which had occurred three days before, on October 19.

1875 – First telegraphic connection in Argentina.

1877 – The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.

1878 – The Bramall Lane stadium sees the first rugby match played under floodlights.

1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasts 13½ hours before burning out).

1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.

1884 – The Royal Observatory in Britain is adopted as the prime meridian of longitude.

1895 – In Paris an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 metres (100 ft) of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling 10 metres (33 ft) to the road below.

1907 – A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the Panic of 1907.

1910 – Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife.

1923 – The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.

1928 – Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico.

1934 – In East Liverpool, Ohio, FBI agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.

1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.

1943 – World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the RAF conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.

1946 – Operation Osoaviakhim takes place, recruiting of thousands of military-related technical specialists from the Soviet occupation zone of post–World War II Germany for employment in the Soviet Union.

1947 – The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan begins, having started just after the partition of India.

1957 – Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.

1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.

1963 – A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board.

1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor.

1964 – An all-party Parliamentary Committee selects the design which will become the new official flag of Canada.

1966 – The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album (The Supremes A' Go-Go).

1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 12.

1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.

1975 – The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.

1976 – Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs.

1981 – The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) for its strike the previous August.

1983 – Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.

1999 – Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy France government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.

2001 – Grand Theft Auto III is released, popularizing a genre of open-world, action-adventure video games, as well as spurring controversy around violence in video games.

2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record with 22 named storms.

2005 – Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashes in Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board.

2006 – A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a National referendum.

2007 – A raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos. All except one die in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and 10 damaged.

2008 – India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.

2013 – The Australian Capital Territory becomes the first Australian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage with the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013

2014 – Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people.

2019 – Same-sex marriage is legalised, and abortion is decriminalised in Northern Ireland as a result of the Northern Ireland Assembly not being restored.

[lordroel]

October 23rd

YouTube (Today in History for October 23rd)



42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus's army. Brutus commits suicide.

425 – Valentinian III is elevated as Roman emperor at the age of six.

501 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theoderic, absolves Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.

1086 – Spanish Reconquista: At the Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravids defeats the Castilians, but are unable to take advantage of their victory.

1157 – The Battle of Grathe Heath ends a civil war in Denmark.

1295 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris.

1641 – Irish Catholic gentry from Ulster attempt to seize control of Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, so as to force concessions.

1642 – The Battle of Edgehill is the first major battle of the English Civil War.

1707 – The First Parliament of Great Britain convenes.

1739 – The War of Jenkins' Ear begins when Prime Minister Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain.

1812 – A French general begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia.

1850 – The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts.

1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Westport is the last significant engagement west of the Mississippi River.

1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe.

1911 – The Italo-Turkish War sees the first use of an airplane in combat when an Italian pilot makes a reconnaissance flight.

1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.

1939 – The Japanese Mitsubishi G4M twin-engine "Betty" Bomber makes its maiden flight.

1942 – World War II: British Empire forces commence the Second Battle of El Alamein to destroy the German and Italian armies in Egypt.

1942 – All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard American Airlines Flight 28 are killed when it collides with a USAAF bomber near Palm Springs, California.

1942 – World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field begins on Guadalcanal.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.

1955 – Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm defeats former emperor Bảo Đại in a referendum and founds the Republic of Vietnam.

1955 – The people of the Saar region vote in a referendum to unite with Germany instead of France.

1956 – Secret police shoot several anti-communist protesters, igniting the Hungarian Revolution.

1958 – Canada's Springhill mining disaster kills seventy-five miners, while ninety-nine others are rescued.

1965 – Vietnam War: The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, launches an operation seeking to destroy Communist forces during the siege of Plei Me.

1970 – Gary Gabelich sets a land speed record in a rocket-powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled with natural gas.

1972 – Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker, a US bombing campaign against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ends after five months.

1973 – Watergate scandal: President Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations.

1982 – A gunfight breaks out between police officers and members of a religious cult in Arizona. The shootout leaves two cultists dead and dozens of cultists and police officers injured.

1983 – Lebanese Civil War: The U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut is hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. military personnel. A French army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops.

1989 – The Hungarian Republic officially replaces the communist Hungarian People's Republic.

1989 – Bankruptcy of Wärtsilä Marine; the biggest bankruptcy in the Nordic countries up until then.

1991 – Signing of the Paris Peace Accords which ends the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.

1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb prematurely detonates in Belfast, killing the bomber and nine civilians.

1995 – Yolanda Saldívar is found guilty of first-degree murder in the shooting death of popular Latin singer Selena.

1998 – Israel and the Palestinian Authority sign the Wye River Memorandum.

2002 – Chechen terrorists seize the House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage.

2004 – A powerful earthquake and its aftershocks hit Niigata Prefecture in northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.

2007 – A storm causes the Mexican Kab 101 oil platform to collide with a wellhead, leading to the death and drowning of 22 people during rescue operations after evacuation of the platform.

2011 – A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes Van Province, Turkey, killing 582 people and injuring thousands.

2011 – The Libyan National Transition Council deems the Libyan Civil War over.

2012 – After 38 years, the world's first teletext service (BBC's Ceefax) ceases broadcast due to Northern Ireland completing the digital switchover.

2015 – The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.

[lordroel]

October 24th

YouTube (Today in History for October 24th)



AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius.

1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France.

1360 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.

1590 – John White, the governor of the second Roanoke Colony, returns to England after an unsuccessful search for the "lost" colonists.

1641 – Felim O'Neill of Kinard, the leader of the Irish Rebellion, issues his Proclamation of Dungannon, justifying the uprising and declaring continued loyalty to Charles I.

1648 – The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.

1795 – Poland is completely consumed by Russia, Prussia and Austria.

1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow.

1851 – William Lassell discovers the moons Umbriel and Ariel orbiting Uranus.

1857 – Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.

1861 – The first transcontinental telegraph line across the United States is completed.

1871 – An estimated 17 to 20 Chinese immigrants are lynched in Los Angeles, California.

1889 – Henry Parkes delivers the Tenterfield Oration, effectively starting the federation process in Australia.

1901 – Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.

1902 – Guatemala's Santa María Volcano begins to erupt, becoming the third-largest eruption of the 20th century.

1911 – Orville Wright remains in the air nine minutes and 45 seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.

1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kirk Kilisse concludes with a Bulgarian victory against the Ottoman Empire.

1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo concludes with the Serbian victory against the Ottoman Empire.

1917 – First World War: Italy suffers a disastrous defeat on the Austro-Italian front.

1926 – Harry Houdini's last performance takes place at the Garrick Theatre in Detroit.

1929 – "Black Thursday" on the New York Stock Exchange.

1930 – A bloodless coup d'état in Brazil ends the First Republic, replacing it with the Vargas Era.

1931 – The George Washington Bridge opens to public traffic over the Hudson River.

1944 – World War II: Japan's center force is temporarily repulsed in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

1945 – The United Nations Charter comes into effect.

1946 – A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.

1947 – Famed animator Walt Disney testifies before the House Un-American Activities Committee, naming Disney employees he believes to be communists.

1949 – The cornerstone of the United Nations Headquarters is laid.

1954 – President Eisenhower pledges United States support to South Vietnam.

1956 – At the request of the Stalinist regime of Ernő Gerő, a massive Soviet force invades Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution. Imre Nagy is reinstalled as Prime Minister.

1957 – The United States Air Force starts the X-20 Dyna-Soar manned space program.

1960 – A ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad in the Soviet Union, killing over 100 people.

1963 – An oxygen leak from an R-9 Desna missile at the Baikonur Cosmodrome triggers a fire that kills seven people.

1964 – Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes Zambia.

1975 – In Iceland, 90% of women take part in a national strike, refusing to work in protest of gender inequality.

1980 – The government of Poland legalizes the Solidarity trade union.

1986 – Nezar Hindawi is sentenced to 45 years in prison, the longest sentence handed down by a British court, for the attempted bombing of an El Al flight at Heathrow Airport.

1990 – Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti reveals to the Italian parliament the existence of Gladio, the Italian NATO force formed in 1956, intended to be activated in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion.

1992 – The Toronto Blue Jays become the first Major League Baseball team based outside the United States to win the World Series.

1998 – Deep Space 1 is launched to explore the asteroid belt and test new spacecraft technologies.

2002 – Police arrest spree killers John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, ending the Beltway sniper attacks in the area around Washington, D.C.

2003 – Concorde makes its last commercial flight.

2004 – Arsenal Football Club loses to Manchester United, ending a row of unbeaten matches at 49 matches, which is the record in the Premier League.

2005 – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall in Florida, resulting in 35 direct and 26 indirect fatalities and causing $20.6B USD in damage.

2007 – Chang'e 1, the first satellite in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, is launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

2008 – "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experience the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10% in most indices.

2014 – The China National Space Administration launches an experimental lunar mission, Chang'e 5-T1, which will loop behind the Moon and return to Earth.

2015 – A driver crashes into the Oklahoma State Homecoming parade, killing four people and injuring 34.

2016 – A French surveillance aircraft flying to Libya crashes on takeoff in Malta, killing all five people on board.

[lordroel]

October 25th

YouTube (Today in History for October 25th)



285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.

473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.

1147 – Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.

1147 – Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights reconquer Lisbon.

1415 – Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.

1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.

1747 – War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.

1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.

1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.

1854 – The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.

1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.

1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

1917 – Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia.

1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.

1924 – The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.

1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.

1940 – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.

1944 – Second World War: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.

1944 – Second World War: The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.

1944 – Second World War: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

1945 – Fifty years of Japanese administration of Taiwan formally ends when the Republic of China assumes control.

1949 – The Battle of Guningtou in the Taiwan Strait begins.

1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.

1971 – The People's Republic of China replaces the Republic of China at the United Nations.

1973 – Egypt and Israel accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 339.

1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude.

1983 – The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.

1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.

1997 – After a brief civil war, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wounds at least 721.