Rogue Generals: A Different Post-EDSA Uno Philippines TL
Jan 4, 2021 6:09:31 GMT
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Post by TheRomanSlayer on Jan 4, 2021 6:09:31 GMT
Chapter Eighteen: The Greatest Trial Never Told
Excerpts from the TV Live Broadcast “The Trial of Ferdinand Marcos” on Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation, April 24, 1988
(scene moves to the Supreme Court in Manila, where Oliver Kidlat is live, with several cameramen are filming the beginning of the trial)
KIDLAT: This trial that we are broadcasting will be for the history books, as it is the first in Philippine history that a former President is being charged of corruption and abuse of power while he was President. Standing here beside me is former Regional Trial Court judge Miriam Defensor Santiago, who will be taking over as the judge for Marcos’s trial, upon her own recommendation, as Brigadier General Gregorio Honasan is not qualified to act as a judge. What brought this sudden change of judges, Madam Santiago?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Brigadier General Honasan will most likely turn the trial into a show trial, and we do not want to risk turning the former President into a martyr. His supporters are armed and dangerous, as evident by a few soldiers who did not surrender to President Aquino.
KIDLAT: But would it not be more practical for this trial to go through? I mean, if this court can expose the former President for his abuse of power, then it would be a legitimate trial in the eyes of the public.
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: The main important thing for us is to establish the basis of Marcos’s guilt. If we can do that, then we can debunk the myths that surround the former dictator, and right now it is not only the former President who will be placed on trial. In a week, we will also place former First Lady Imelda Marcos on trial as well, for racketeering, abuse of power and other possible charges, depending on what the international community has revealed to us. We are also cooperating with all foreign governments on what crimes did the former First Lady committed while overseas too.
KIDLAT: Will there be any charges for the children as well?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: So far, none of the children have been charged with anything. However, the current administration will not tolerate any political presence of the former dictator’s children. Therefore, there will be a future election that will certainly be won by a new candidate who is not connected to any Marcos family member.
KIDLAT: So, will the government be pushing for a stronger legislation against family dynasties in politics?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: That, I am not at liberty to say. However, I would not be surprised if the Deputy Defense Minister is pushing for such a motion.
KIDLAT: Why is that?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Because the military by this point, had been fed up with what they called ‘spoiled children of politicians’ and their clear disregard for law. Though if the provisions of the anti-family dynasty bill are pushed through, then the President’s own children will be barred from running for political office on every level, be they municipal, provincial, and federal.
KIDLAT: While I am sure that many of the children from political parents will be disappointed with such provision, would it also allow other potential candidates for political office from a humbler background to arise as well?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Like I said, I do not know. However, I give my full support behind any reforms that President Aquino will implement. The trial is starting in a few minutes, sir.
KIDLAT: (nods) All right, it is nice to meet you once again, Madam Santiago.
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: (nods) We will keep you updated on the process of the trial.
---
ADDITIONAL CHARGES OF GRAFT, ECONOMIC PLUNDER AND MURDER LEVIED AGAINST MARCOS, FORMER FIRST LADY ON TRIAL ON CHARGES OF GRAFT AND ABUSE OF POWER
Philippine Daily Inquirer
June 13, 1988
Manila, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION – For the sixth straight week, the trial of former President Ferdinand Marcos is ongoing, with several testimonies being given by former Martial Law victims in front of a shocked audience inside the Supreme Court. At the same time, diehard Marcos regime supporters held protests outside the Supreme Court while issuing death threats against volunteers willing to testify against the former president. In addition, there was less commotion from the trial of former First Lady Imelda Marcos since her crimes of a political nature was not as serious as the crimes of her husband.
“There are no such words to describe the horrors that I heard from witnesses who described such abuse,” said Miriam Defensor Santiago, who replaced Brigadier General Gregorio Honasan as the presiding judge. “Still, we have to go through more testimonies before we can give the verdict, but I am not surprised if the audience has an emotional breakdown.”
Multiple lawyers representing both the victims and former President Marcos have been entering and exiting from the Supreme Court have been asked for interviews, but due to their agreement to not talk about the trial while it is ongoing, they were unable to give their comments. Still, the trial has captured the headlines of various international medial channels, with even Chinese media constantly talking about the trial. In addition, after the negotiations for a ceasefire was finished between the Aquino administration and Deputy Defense Minister Tadiar during the civil war, Ye Fei visited his hometown and had a reunion with his siblings before shortly returning to China and was debriefed by his superior, Wang Dongxing, on the state of the civil war.
At the same time, the trial of former President Marcos is carefully studied by Indonesian legal experts, whose role in the trial of former President Suharto will be expected to start within a month. President Subianto of Indonesia had urged caution and impartiality in the trial against Ferdinand Marcos, lest Suharto get the same idea from him. The revelation of former First Lady Imelda Marcos’s economic crimes, and that of her husband’s has resulted in outrage from the Indonesian public, since their actions reminded them too well of the Pertamina scandal that Suharto’s sons were involved in. Even so, the United States also kept a watchful eye on the trial as well, to see for themselves if the former regime’s other associates would be placed on trial as well.
---
“Upon assessing the testimonies of the witnesses who testified against the former President, as well as physical evidence of the crimes that led to the charges levying against him being presented for the world to see, there is little doubt of the verdict that we will deliver against former President Marcos, and the former First Lady, Imelda Marcos. On charges of graft, economic plunder, torture, murder, and bribery, we hereby pronounce the former President, guilty, of all charges. In addition, Lady Imelda Marcos’s own charges of graft, economic plunder and abuse of authority are also present, beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, we also pronounce the former First Lady, guilty, of those charges. In conclusion, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, and Imelda Romualdez Marcos, will be sentenced to house arrest in Dondonay Island, where several guards will be stationed there to keep you two imprisoned. As for the children of the defendants, while they are not guilty of any charges, the fact that the public cannot tolerate to see their presence in Philippine politics, I hereby impose a lifetime ban on the following individuals: Imee, Bongbong, Irene, and Aimee Marcos, from ever running for political office in the Philippines, on every level of government. Furthermore, there will be arrangements for the children to be under house arrest in four islands of our choice, one for each child. With these sentences levied on the Marcos family, I hereby declare the trial to be over.” Miriam Defensor Santiago, from the sentencing of the entire Marcos family and the end of the trial of Ferdinand Marcos, June 22, 1988.
---
SOVIET GEORGIAN OFFICER ADVISES GORBACHEV AGAINST DEPLOYMENT OF SOVIET TROOPS IN GEORGIAN DEMONSTRATIONS
Sydney Herald
April 8, 1989
Tbilisi, GEORGIAN SSR – One of the Soviet Army officers who is currently serving in Afghanistan, has come out against Soviet Premier Gorbachev’s proposal to use Soviet troops to break up a nationalist demonstration. Igor Giorgadze came out in opposition to the usage of Soviet troops, predicting a violent reaction to the presence of Red Army troops on the streets of Tbilisi. In addition, Giorgadze also obtained the assistance of both Viktor Ivanenko and Dmitry Yazov in negotiating with the Georgian nationalist faction in Tbilisi, while Red Army troops that are poised to enter Georgian soil are instead redirected into the territory of the Russian SFSR, where they will be conducting military exercises on the Soviet border with communist China.
“We have managed to prevent a potential bloodshed from happening here on the streets of Tbilisi, and such level-headed decisions have also saved lives. The Soviet government should be praised for restraining themselves in dealing with protests, and with the lessons from the disgraceful event in the Philippines being learnt by our government, we will exercise more caution in dealing with future protests,” Giorgadze replied while being asked about the response to the Georgian nationalist movement.
Sources close to Giorgadze confirm that the Georgian veteran of the Afghan War had also entered a secret alliance with rising star within the Soviet Army, one Alexander Lebed, on the situation in Afghanistan and praised his unconventional method of dealing with the insurgents. Lebed’s methods of isolating resistance cells to make it easier to destroy them had been far more effective, with several hundred cells being captured by Soviet troops, leading to the capture of several weapons and ammunition from the Mujahideen. In addition, all the military districts within the Soviet Union had raised the alarm level of their forces in response to increased Chinese military activity along their shared border, and with increased American military activity along the maritime border between the USSR and the USA, with the Bering Sea being at a stand off between three Soviet submarines and four American ASW destroyers before both sides turned their fleets back to their territorial waters.
In contrast, the Georgian nationalist movement, led by the National Democratic Party, had praised Giorgadze’s intervention in preventing the bloodshed, although his role was largely reduced to the recommendation that he made to Premier Gorbachev to dismiss Jumber Patiashvili as head of the Georgian Communist Party, and his replacement with Givi Gumbaridze as his successor. Gumbaridze then ordered the public to disperse or he will call in the Soviet forces to intervene in the Georgian SSR. However, the demonstrations by the Abkhazian and South Ossetian minority in their attempt to secede from Georgia and to become separate SSRs (with South Ossetia also calling for the unification between them and the Russian controlled North Ossetian ASSR) remained a sore point between the Georgian government and its national minorities. Thus, another bizarre proposal was pushed for Georgia to become the second Soviet Federated Socialist Republic after Russia, with Abkhazia, Adjara, and South Ossetia retaining their status as ASSRs within Georgia.
Georgian nationalist protesters gathered in the heart of Tbilisi to march in favor of greater autonomy and civil rights for the population of the Georgian SSR. The timely intervention of Afghan War veteran Igor Giorgadze in the growing crisis within Georgia had averted a potential bloodshed and riot in one of the most turbulent republics within the Soviet Union.
---
COUP IN GEORGIA! GIORGADZE TOPPLES PRO-SOVIET LOYALIST GOVERNMENT, INVITES GAMSAKHURDIA AND GEORGIAN NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY TO FORM GOVERNMENT
Edmonton Journal
April 9, 1991
Tbilisi, (Breakaway) GEORGIAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC – Military units loyal to pro-Lebed Georgian general Igor Giorgadze had launched a coup against the pro-Soviet loyalist government of Givi Gumbaridze and declared Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union and officially declared its allegiance to the Lebedite rebel forces that have currently taken control of parts of Siberia within the Russian SFSR. At 3 AM, Georgian units of the Red Army had renounced their allegiance to the Soviet Union and entered the Georgian Parliament Building, while arresting all the Georgian Communist Party staff and interning them in the town of Gori. Raising the flag of the First Georgian Democratic Republic in defiance to Soviet authority, Giorgadze then called upon the National Democratic Party members to meet in Tbilisi to help form the government.
“The time for servitude to the Soviet Empire has come to pass! With the help of patriots of the republics that wished to destroy the Soviet Union, the Georgian nation shall overcome the tribulations imposed on it!” says Giorgadze, after being approached by the National Democratic Party members to give a speech. “As of today, all the Georgian troops in the Red Army have renounced their loyalty to the dying Union and have sworn allegiance to the newly declared Georgian Federal Republic. Although we will fight to defend the independence of Georgia, we will also side with the forces of Alexander Lebed as we will help each other defeat the Red Army, if they have not yet decided to renounce their loyalty to the USSR in favor of their respective republics.”
Pro-Soviet Georgian officers within the Red Army were taken prisoner by their junior officer subordinates three hours after the coup was completed, with half of them opting to flee from their country of birth, and the other half opting to switch sides in favor of the Georgian Federal Republic. In neighboring Armenia, Seyran Ohanyan had launched a similar coup against the pro-Soviet loyalist government in Yerevan, with similar results to the Georgian coup. However, in Azerbaijan, a major conflict broke out over there between pro-Soviet loyalists and pro-independence forces led by Dadash Rzayev and Heydar Aliyev. The Georgian military is currently keeping an eye on their border between Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, with additional Georgian military units stationed in Adjara watching for any movement from Turkish military units at their border. In addition, fighting also broke out in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region between the Armenian minority there and the Azeri government, which had sought to rein in the rebellious minority.
Zviad Gamsakhurdia leads a procession throughout the streets of Tbilisi after pro-independence forces within the Georgian military led by Igor Giorgadze, launched a coup against the Soviet loyalist-aligned government of Jumber Patiashvili. The Georgian coup led to Georgia's unilateral declaration of independence from the Soviet Union, and the new government under Gamsakhurdia has also announced on the same day as Georgia's declaration of independence that it will side with Alexander Lebed's National Redemption Army in their fight against the Soviet government.
---
EURO 1988 Tournament
Qualification Round
Group 1 Winner – Netherlands
Group 2 Winner – France
Group 3 Winner – Romania
Group 4 Winner – Spain
Group 5 Winner – Italy
Group 6 Winner – Soviet Union
Group 7 Winner – England
Host – West Germany
Group A: England, France, Soviet Union, Italy
Group B: Netherlands, West Germany, Spain, Romania
EURO 1988 Tournament
Group A:
England 1-1 France
Italy 1-1 Soviet Union
England 1-3 Soviet Union
France 2-1 Italy
England 3-2 Italy
France 2-2 Soviet Union
France, Soviet Union, advance into Knockout Round
Group B:
Netherlands 2-1 West Germany
Spain 3-0 Romania
West Germany 4-1 Romania
Netherlands 2-2 Spain
West Germany 3-2 Spain
Netherlands 2-0 Romania
Netherlands, West Germany, advance into Knockout Round
Knockout Round
Netherlands 1-1 (5-3 penalty kicks) France
Soviet Union 0-0 (4-5 penalty kicks) West Germany
Final Round
Netherlands 0-0 (1-0 a.e.t.) West Germany
Excerpts from the TV Live Broadcast “The Trial of Ferdinand Marcos” on Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation, April 24, 1988
(scene moves to the Supreme Court in Manila, where Oliver Kidlat is live, with several cameramen are filming the beginning of the trial)
KIDLAT: This trial that we are broadcasting will be for the history books, as it is the first in Philippine history that a former President is being charged of corruption and abuse of power while he was President. Standing here beside me is former Regional Trial Court judge Miriam Defensor Santiago, who will be taking over as the judge for Marcos’s trial, upon her own recommendation, as Brigadier General Gregorio Honasan is not qualified to act as a judge. What brought this sudden change of judges, Madam Santiago?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Brigadier General Honasan will most likely turn the trial into a show trial, and we do not want to risk turning the former President into a martyr. His supporters are armed and dangerous, as evident by a few soldiers who did not surrender to President Aquino.
KIDLAT: But would it not be more practical for this trial to go through? I mean, if this court can expose the former President for his abuse of power, then it would be a legitimate trial in the eyes of the public.
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: The main important thing for us is to establish the basis of Marcos’s guilt. If we can do that, then we can debunk the myths that surround the former dictator, and right now it is not only the former President who will be placed on trial. In a week, we will also place former First Lady Imelda Marcos on trial as well, for racketeering, abuse of power and other possible charges, depending on what the international community has revealed to us. We are also cooperating with all foreign governments on what crimes did the former First Lady committed while overseas too.
KIDLAT: Will there be any charges for the children as well?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: So far, none of the children have been charged with anything. However, the current administration will not tolerate any political presence of the former dictator’s children. Therefore, there will be a future election that will certainly be won by a new candidate who is not connected to any Marcos family member.
KIDLAT: So, will the government be pushing for a stronger legislation against family dynasties in politics?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: That, I am not at liberty to say. However, I would not be surprised if the Deputy Defense Minister is pushing for such a motion.
KIDLAT: Why is that?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Because the military by this point, had been fed up with what they called ‘spoiled children of politicians’ and their clear disregard for law. Though if the provisions of the anti-family dynasty bill are pushed through, then the President’s own children will be barred from running for political office on every level, be they municipal, provincial, and federal.
KIDLAT: While I am sure that many of the children from political parents will be disappointed with such provision, would it also allow other potential candidates for political office from a humbler background to arise as well?
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: Like I said, I do not know. However, I give my full support behind any reforms that President Aquino will implement. The trial is starting in a few minutes, sir.
KIDLAT: (nods) All right, it is nice to meet you once again, Madam Santiago.
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO: (nods) We will keep you updated on the process of the trial.
---
ADDITIONAL CHARGES OF GRAFT, ECONOMIC PLUNDER AND MURDER LEVIED AGAINST MARCOS, FORMER FIRST LADY ON TRIAL ON CHARGES OF GRAFT AND ABUSE OF POWER
Philippine Daily Inquirer
June 13, 1988
Manila, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION – For the sixth straight week, the trial of former President Ferdinand Marcos is ongoing, with several testimonies being given by former Martial Law victims in front of a shocked audience inside the Supreme Court. At the same time, diehard Marcos regime supporters held protests outside the Supreme Court while issuing death threats against volunteers willing to testify against the former president. In addition, there was less commotion from the trial of former First Lady Imelda Marcos since her crimes of a political nature was not as serious as the crimes of her husband.
“There are no such words to describe the horrors that I heard from witnesses who described such abuse,” said Miriam Defensor Santiago, who replaced Brigadier General Gregorio Honasan as the presiding judge. “Still, we have to go through more testimonies before we can give the verdict, but I am not surprised if the audience has an emotional breakdown.”
Multiple lawyers representing both the victims and former President Marcos have been entering and exiting from the Supreme Court have been asked for interviews, but due to their agreement to not talk about the trial while it is ongoing, they were unable to give their comments. Still, the trial has captured the headlines of various international medial channels, with even Chinese media constantly talking about the trial. In addition, after the negotiations for a ceasefire was finished between the Aquino administration and Deputy Defense Minister Tadiar during the civil war, Ye Fei visited his hometown and had a reunion with his siblings before shortly returning to China and was debriefed by his superior, Wang Dongxing, on the state of the civil war.
At the same time, the trial of former President Marcos is carefully studied by Indonesian legal experts, whose role in the trial of former President Suharto will be expected to start within a month. President Subianto of Indonesia had urged caution and impartiality in the trial against Ferdinand Marcos, lest Suharto get the same idea from him. The revelation of former First Lady Imelda Marcos’s economic crimes, and that of her husband’s has resulted in outrage from the Indonesian public, since their actions reminded them too well of the Pertamina scandal that Suharto’s sons were involved in. Even so, the United States also kept a watchful eye on the trial as well, to see for themselves if the former regime’s other associates would be placed on trial as well.
---
“Upon assessing the testimonies of the witnesses who testified against the former President, as well as physical evidence of the crimes that led to the charges levying against him being presented for the world to see, there is little doubt of the verdict that we will deliver against former President Marcos, and the former First Lady, Imelda Marcos. On charges of graft, economic plunder, torture, murder, and bribery, we hereby pronounce the former President, guilty, of all charges. In addition, Lady Imelda Marcos’s own charges of graft, economic plunder and abuse of authority are also present, beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, we also pronounce the former First Lady, guilty, of those charges. In conclusion, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, and Imelda Romualdez Marcos, will be sentenced to house arrest in Dondonay Island, where several guards will be stationed there to keep you two imprisoned. As for the children of the defendants, while they are not guilty of any charges, the fact that the public cannot tolerate to see their presence in Philippine politics, I hereby impose a lifetime ban on the following individuals: Imee, Bongbong, Irene, and Aimee Marcos, from ever running for political office in the Philippines, on every level of government. Furthermore, there will be arrangements for the children to be under house arrest in four islands of our choice, one for each child. With these sentences levied on the Marcos family, I hereby declare the trial to be over.” Miriam Defensor Santiago, from the sentencing of the entire Marcos family and the end of the trial of Ferdinand Marcos, June 22, 1988.
---
SOVIET GEORGIAN OFFICER ADVISES GORBACHEV AGAINST DEPLOYMENT OF SOVIET TROOPS IN GEORGIAN DEMONSTRATIONS
Sydney Herald
April 8, 1989
Tbilisi, GEORGIAN SSR – One of the Soviet Army officers who is currently serving in Afghanistan, has come out against Soviet Premier Gorbachev’s proposal to use Soviet troops to break up a nationalist demonstration. Igor Giorgadze came out in opposition to the usage of Soviet troops, predicting a violent reaction to the presence of Red Army troops on the streets of Tbilisi. In addition, Giorgadze also obtained the assistance of both Viktor Ivanenko and Dmitry Yazov in negotiating with the Georgian nationalist faction in Tbilisi, while Red Army troops that are poised to enter Georgian soil are instead redirected into the territory of the Russian SFSR, where they will be conducting military exercises on the Soviet border with communist China.
“We have managed to prevent a potential bloodshed from happening here on the streets of Tbilisi, and such level-headed decisions have also saved lives. The Soviet government should be praised for restraining themselves in dealing with protests, and with the lessons from the disgraceful event in the Philippines being learnt by our government, we will exercise more caution in dealing with future protests,” Giorgadze replied while being asked about the response to the Georgian nationalist movement.
Sources close to Giorgadze confirm that the Georgian veteran of the Afghan War had also entered a secret alliance with rising star within the Soviet Army, one Alexander Lebed, on the situation in Afghanistan and praised his unconventional method of dealing with the insurgents. Lebed’s methods of isolating resistance cells to make it easier to destroy them had been far more effective, with several hundred cells being captured by Soviet troops, leading to the capture of several weapons and ammunition from the Mujahideen. In addition, all the military districts within the Soviet Union had raised the alarm level of their forces in response to increased Chinese military activity along their shared border, and with increased American military activity along the maritime border between the USSR and the USA, with the Bering Sea being at a stand off between three Soviet submarines and four American ASW destroyers before both sides turned their fleets back to their territorial waters.
In contrast, the Georgian nationalist movement, led by the National Democratic Party, had praised Giorgadze’s intervention in preventing the bloodshed, although his role was largely reduced to the recommendation that he made to Premier Gorbachev to dismiss Jumber Patiashvili as head of the Georgian Communist Party, and his replacement with Givi Gumbaridze as his successor. Gumbaridze then ordered the public to disperse or he will call in the Soviet forces to intervene in the Georgian SSR. However, the demonstrations by the Abkhazian and South Ossetian minority in their attempt to secede from Georgia and to become separate SSRs (with South Ossetia also calling for the unification between them and the Russian controlled North Ossetian ASSR) remained a sore point between the Georgian government and its national minorities. Thus, another bizarre proposal was pushed for Georgia to become the second Soviet Federated Socialist Republic after Russia, with Abkhazia, Adjara, and South Ossetia retaining their status as ASSRs within Georgia.
Georgian nationalist protesters gathered in the heart of Tbilisi to march in favor of greater autonomy and civil rights for the population of the Georgian SSR. The timely intervention of Afghan War veteran Igor Giorgadze in the growing crisis within Georgia had averted a potential bloodshed and riot in one of the most turbulent republics within the Soviet Union.
---
COUP IN GEORGIA! GIORGADZE TOPPLES PRO-SOVIET LOYALIST GOVERNMENT, INVITES GAMSAKHURDIA AND GEORGIAN NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY TO FORM GOVERNMENT
Edmonton Journal
April 9, 1991
Tbilisi, (Breakaway) GEORGIAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC – Military units loyal to pro-Lebed Georgian general Igor Giorgadze had launched a coup against the pro-Soviet loyalist government of Givi Gumbaridze and declared Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union and officially declared its allegiance to the Lebedite rebel forces that have currently taken control of parts of Siberia within the Russian SFSR. At 3 AM, Georgian units of the Red Army had renounced their allegiance to the Soviet Union and entered the Georgian Parliament Building, while arresting all the Georgian Communist Party staff and interning them in the town of Gori. Raising the flag of the First Georgian Democratic Republic in defiance to Soviet authority, Giorgadze then called upon the National Democratic Party members to meet in Tbilisi to help form the government.
“The time for servitude to the Soviet Empire has come to pass! With the help of patriots of the republics that wished to destroy the Soviet Union, the Georgian nation shall overcome the tribulations imposed on it!” says Giorgadze, after being approached by the National Democratic Party members to give a speech. “As of today, all the Georgian troops in the Red Army have renounced their loyalty to the dying Union and have sworn allegiance to the newly declared Georgian Federal Republic. Although we will fight to defend the independence of Georgia, we will also side with the forces of Alexander Lebed as we will help each other defeat the Red Army, if they have not yet decided to renounce their loyalty to the USSR in favor of their respective republics.”
Pro-Soviet Georgian officers within the Red Army were taken prisoner by their junior officer subordinates three hours after the coup was completed, with half of them opting to flee from their country of birth, and the other half opting to switch sides in favor of the Georgian Federal Republic. In neighboring Armenia, Seyran Ohanyan had launched a similar coup against the pro-Soviet loyalist government in Yerevan, with similar results to the Georgian coup. However, in Azerbaijan, a major conflict broke out over there between pro-Soviet loyalists and pro-independence forces led by Dadash Rzayev and Heydar Aliyev. The Georgian military is currently keeping an eye on their border between Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, with additional Georgian military units stationed in Adjara watching for any movement from Turkish military units at their border. In addition, fighting also broke out in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region between the Armenian minority there and the Azeri government, which had sought to rein in the rebellious minority.
Zviad Gamsakhurdia leads a procession throughout the streets of Tbilisi after pro-independence forces within the Georgian military led by Igor Giorgadze, launched a coup against the Soviet loyalist-aligned government of Jumber Patiashvili. The Georgian coup led to Georgia's unilateral declaration of independence from the Soviet Union, and the new government under Gamsakhurdia has also announced on the same day as Georgia's declaration of independence that it will side with Alexander Lebed's National Redemption Army in their fight against the Soviet government.
---
EURO 1988 Tournament
Qualification Round
Group 1 Winner – Netherlands
Group 2 Winner – France
Group 3 Winner – Romania
Group 4 Winner – Spain
Group 5 Winner – Italy
Group 6 Winner – Soviet Union
Group 7 Winner – England
Host – West Germany
Group A: England, France, Soviet Union, Italy
Group B: Netherlands, West Germany, Spain, Romania
EURO 1988 Tournament
Group A:
England 1-1 France
Italy 1-1 Soviet Union
England 1-3 Soviet Union
France 2-1 Italy
England 3-2 Italy
France 2-2 Soviet Union
France, Soviet Union, advance into Knockout Round
Group B:
Netherlands 2-1 West Germany
Spain 3-0 Romania
West Germany 4-1 Romania
Netherlands 2-2 Spain
West Germany 3-2 Spain
Netherlands 2-0 Romania
Netherlands, West Germany, advance into Knockout Round
Knockout Round
Netherlands 1-1 (5-3 penalty kicks) France
Soviet Union 0-0 (4-5 penalty kicks) West Germany
Final Round
Netherlands 0-0 (1-0 a.e.t.) West Germany