Post by 575 on Nov 15, 2022 18:43:04 GMT
July 1945
With the German mobilizing East Prussia and the effective mobile defences east of Brest-Litovsk and ongoing city-fight in Lvov the Poles were still building up their counterattack force in Central Poland. Though lacking Trucks the Poles kept waiting confident their lines would hold.
Being in the central position and having the Soviets on the fringe of theirs the Poles benefitted hugely by still being able to import by sea and land.
The Czechoslovaks had decided to sell all possible to the Poles as long as they would pay – no generosity here but realization that losing their buffer against Russia would be to their detriment. Tatra Trucks had become a new stable of the Czech export to the Poles.
The Germans shrugged as they sold Trucks too in numbers; they didn't want to sell arms but Trucks was okay and if it helped the Poles fend off the Soviets it'll be even more ok. Better the Poles die than Germans fighting off the Soviets.
France was very keen to supply the Poles Trucks but in the political turmoil and with the Popular Front Government still at the helm ammunition in quantity didn't reach the Poles. Older equipment did still as it was seen as propping up a man about to fall any moment and thus of no real value – what the French Government was unaware of was the Poles in the years during the Soviet – Japanese Wars had been developing new arms partly for export to Japan partly for own use.
With the knowledge of little possible arms deliveries from France in case of war the Poles had been keen to design new Tank guns to fit into older Tank design turrets notably those already on hand designed or bought in France such as the Somua S35, Hotchkiss H35/39 and Renault R35. The Poles wasn't stupid – even the French during the Government of Laval's had held them at arms length not committing to anything.
If any the Nordics was willing to sell ammunition to the Poles by the maxim of “the enemy of my enemy,” but also to fund the hugely expensive Nuclear Bomb project.
The real big seller to the Poles were the British fuelled in this area as regarding Aircraft by the constant advocate of any enemy of the Sovietunion - Winston Churchill.
With the Skoda Engine Factory at Warsaw(nationalized) the existing Tanks had had engine upgrades as well as new guns though they were still old; however the Poles had to make do with what's on hand. Those older French tanks had armourprotection but were in need of reliable engines and better guns with more hitting power; still there was no way of getting more men in the turret to ease the strain on the Commander residing usually alone there.
A light in the dark was the state of the Soviet Baltic Fleet which had languished through the years of War in Machuria even the Soviets didn't seem to be aware of its sorry state.
As the Soviets through those years had focused on Submarines and send all available for railtransport and designed new ones with this in mind east the Baltic Fleet was even lacking in this area as the boats of size were either old or few in numbers.
Tied to this was the non-development of surface units; those that had been obtained from abroad (Italy) had been absorbed by the Black Sea Fleet which was in as bad a state following the Soviet – Japanese Wars as the Baltic Fleet if now in a somewhat better shape. This was also due to the impossibility to obtain surface units from the Baltic Sea area – neighter the Germans nor the Nordics were wanting to sell off old units nor build new ones for the possible Soviet costumer as that costumer had little financial means to buy and thus wanted to enter barter deals as it had been able to with Italy during that nations lean years which had ended with the discovery of oil in Libya.
As such the Polish Navy had like the Soviet turned to submerged warfare though for the Poles this meant detecting and sinking Submarines.
In this respect the Germans had showed some willingness to cooperate militarily as it too at least during the last years of the Soviet – Japanese Wars had sensed the possible turn of the Soviets to the west and thus that Soviet Submarines would be a menace in the Baltic Sea.
Turning to the Nordics, who had had their share during the Great War of Submarine Warfare on the receiving end but also from patrolling the North Sea and Baltic mainly so the Danish and Norwegian Navies - and the Poles; should war break out you'd need all the hands possible.
So the Germans included Polish ASW officers on inter-Navy courses in Nordic countries waters where the Germans supplied their knowledge of Great War experience.
This German Naval attitude was only possible because of the real adversity to the Poles rested with the Aristocratic Army Officers Corps.
Indirect aid to the Poles and their important shipping into the Baltic were the friendly attitude of Danish Government regarding passage of the Straits but even more so the soon following outbreak of hostilities perceived Soviet Submarine activity in the Baltic against Polish shipping as well as a few Danish and Swedish Merchantmen being torpedoed by unidentified Submarines and sunk.
Building up of a Danish ASW Squadron at Bornholm and the partly mobilization of the Swedish main Navy Base at Karlskrona, Blekinga and stationing of ASW units at Gotland – all on the route or access to the waters utilized by Polish merchantmen.
This made possible a safe route through Danish/Swedish waters to the island of Bornholm for the last run of some 200 km's to Polish waters through the southern part of the Baltic to the north of Poland were regularly patrolled by a German ASW Squadron to make safe the supplying of XI Corps in Lithuania and Latvia which also prompted German Supply Convoys to these countries.
As an outcome of all this Naval activity within the Baltic the Sovietunion began to pressure both Estonia and to a lesser extend Finland for maintaining its free access through the Bay of Finland and into the Baltic, which could easily be closed by those nations, and because of which the Soviet Baltic Fleet often had its surface units even the old Battleships run the International Waters passage down the middle of the Bay of Finland occasionally entering territorial waters of either nation to test their vigilance.
Suffice the say any such violations were immediately drawing diplomatic responses from Finland backed by the other Nordics – less so by the Estonians who though asked for German Navy presence after which followed a large violation by the Soviet Baltic Fleet which prompted the station at Tallinn of a German Squadron lead by the Heavy Cruiser Deutschland and a squadron of ASW Destroyers just to bring the message home. The Soviets didn't cease the violations of Estonian waters but the numbers dropped significantly.
The presence of the German Navy Squadron at Tallinn and aggressive Danish and Swedish ASW units in Baltic waters soon had the Soviets step down activity especially following a couple of possible sinkings of Submarines by Danish and Swedish ASW Frigates.
With the German mobilizing East Prussia and the effective mobile defences east of Brest-Litovsk and ongoing city-fight in Lvov the Poles were still building up their counterattack force in Central Poland. Though lacking Trucks the Poles kept waiting confident their lines would hold.
Being in the central position and having the Soviets on the fringe of theirs the Poles benefitted hugely by still being able to import by sea and land.
The Czechoslovaks had decided to sell all possible to the Poles as long as they would pay – no generosity here but realization that losing their buffer against Russia would be to their detriment. Tatra Trucks had become a new stable of the Czech export to the Poles.
The Germans shrugged as they sold Trucks too in numbers; they didn't want to sell arms but Trucks was okay and if it helped the Poles fend off the Soviets it'll be even more ok. Better the Poles die than Germans fighting off the Soviets.
France was very keen to supply the Poles Trucks but in the political turmoil and with the Popular Front Government still at the helm ammunition in quantity didn't reach the Poles. Older equipment did still as it was seen as propping up a man about to fall any moment and thus of no real value – what the French Government was unaware of was the Poles in the years during the Soviet – Japanese Wars had been developing new arms partly for export to Japan partly for own use.
With the knowledge of little possible arms deliveries from France in case of war the Poles had been keen to design new Tank guns to fit into older Tank design turrets notably those already on hand designed or bought in France such as the Somua S35, Hotchkiss H35/39 and Renault R35. The Poles wasn't stupid – even the French during the Government of Laval's had held them at arms length not committing to anything.
If any the Nordics was willing to sell ammunition to the Poles by the maxim of “the enemy of my enemy,” but also to fund the hugely expensive Nuclear Bomb project.
The real big seller to the Poles were the British fuelled in this area as regarding Aircraft by the constant advocate of any enemy of the Sovietunion - Winston Churchill.
With the Skoda Engine Factory at Warsaw(nationalized) the existing Tanks had had engine upgrades as well as new guns though they were still old; however the Poles had to make do with what's on hand. Those older French tanks had armourprotection but were in need of reliable engines and better guns with more hitting power; still there was no way of getting more men in the turret to ease the strain on the Commander residing usually alone there.
A light in the dark was the state of the Soviet Baltic Fleet which had languished through the years of War in Machuria even the Soviets didn't seem to be aware of its sorry state.
As the Soviets through those years had focused on Submarines and send all available for railtransport and designed new ones with this in mind east the Baltic Fleet was even lacking in this area as the boats of size were either old or few in numbers.
Tied to this was the non-development of surface units; those that had been obtained from abroad (Italy) had been absorbed by the Black Sea Fleet which was in as bad a state following the Soviet – Japanese Wars as the Baltic Fleet if now in a somewhat better shape. This was also due to the impossibility to obtain surface units from the Baltic Sea area – neighter the Germans nor the Nordics were wanting to sell off old units nor build new ones for the possible Soviet costumer as that costumer had little financial means to buy and thus wanted to enter barter deals as it had been able to with Italy during that nations lean years which had ended with the discovery of oil in Libya.
As such the Polish Navy had like the Soviet turned to submerged warfare though for the Poles this meant detecting and sinking Submarines.
In this respect the Germans had showed some willingness to cooperate militarily as it too at least during the last years of the Soviet – Japanese Wars had sensed the possible turn of the Soviets to the west and thus that Soviet Submarines would be a menace in the Baltic Sea.
Turning to the Nordics, who had had their share during the Great War of Submarine Warfare on the receiving end but also from patrolling the North Sea and Baltic mainly so the Danish and Norwegian Navies - and the Poles; should war break out you'd need all the hands possible.
So the Germans included Polish ASW officers on inter-Navy courses in Nordic countries waters where the Germans supplied their knowledge of Great War experience.
This German Naval attitude was only possible because of the real adversity to the Poles rested with the Aristocratic Army Officers Corps.
Indirect aid to the Poles and their important shipping into the Baltic were the friendly attitude of Danish Government regarding passage of the Straits but even more so the soon following outbreak of hostilities perceived Soviet Submarine activity in the Baltic against Polish shipping as well as a few Danish and Swedish Merchantmen being torpedoed by unidentified Submarines and sunk.
Building up of a Danish ASW Squadron at Bornholm and the partly mobilization of the Swedish main Navy Base at Karlskrona, Blekinga and stationing of ASW units at Gotland – all on the route or access to the waters utilized by Polish merchantmen.
This made possible a safe route through Danish/Swedish waters to the island of Bornholm for the last run of some 200 km's to Polish waters through the southern part of the Baltic to the north of Poland were regularly patrolled by a German ASW Squadron to make safe the supplying of XI Corps in Lithuania and Latvia which also prompted German Supply Convoys to these countries.
As an outcome of all this Naval activity within the Baltic the Sovietunion began to pressure both Estonia and to a lesser extend Finland for maintaining its free access through the Bay of Finland and into the Baltic, which could easily be closed by those nations, and because of which the Soviet Baltic Fleet often had its surface units even the old Battleships run the International Waters passage down the middle of the Bay of Finland occasionally entering territorial waters of either nation to test their vigilance.
Suffice the say any such violations were immediately drawing diplomatic responses from Finland backed by the other Nordics – less so by the Estonians who though asked for German Navy presence after which followed a large violation by the Soviet Baltic Fleet which prompted the station at Tallinn of a German Squadron lead by the Heavy Cruiser Deutschland and a squadron of ASW Destroyers just to bring the message home. The Soviets didn't cease the violations of Estonian waters but the numbers dropped significantly.
The presence of the German Navy Squadron at Tallinn and aggressive Danish and Swedish ASW units in Baltic waters soon had the Soviets step down activity especially following a couple of possible sinkings of Submarines by Danish and Swedish ASW Frigates.