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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 1, 2023 20:24:43 GMT
Central Europe 1300-1350
1301: Poland feels threatened by the Germans and the Przemyslids. The king tries to fight them to break free, so a coalition of the Teutonic Order, Bohemia, Moravia and the Holy Roman Empire under king Otto IV of Brandenburg forms against him.
Andras III, last Arpad king of Hungary, dies. This leads to a difficult situation in Hungary.
1308: The war between Germans and Poles doesn't end in the latter's favor. The Teutonic Order acquires Pommerellen (OTL West Prussia, the Poles also call it Eastern Pomerania), Silesia becomes a German fief; the western third goes to Brandenburg, which already acquired the Lower Lausitz / Lusatia, the rest is divided between the two Przemyslid lands, Bohemia and Moravia.
1309: King Otto of the HRE dies, Heinrich VII of Luxemburg (same as OTL) becomes new king. He manages to be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by the pope in 1312, becoming the first emperor since Friedrich II. Popes move to Avignon.
1310: Luzern and Zug join Switzerland.
Polish king Boleslaw V toppled by discontent nobles, who elect Kazimierz III new king.
1313: Kazimierz III makes an "everlasting alliance" with the (in many ways still independent) rulers of Mazovia.
1314-16: Sedisvacancy - no pope elected.
1315: Great famine in Europe.
1320: Heinrich VII dies (later than IOTL), duke Ottokar (yes, he was named after Ottokar Przemysl) of Upper Bavaria and the Palatinate is elected new king.
1321: Some of the electors in Germany are not happy, and elect Waldemar of Brandenburg anti-king.
1326: Use of cannons in Europe first mentioned in a Florentine document.
1328: Waldemar of Brandenburg defeated at Ansbach by Ottokar. Brandenburg loses its influence in Pomerania.
1330: Pope Johannes (John) XXII bans king Ottokar.
Florence acquires Lucca for 75000 florin (gold coins).
1333-36: Ottokar goes to Italy, is crowned Emperor in Rome - not by the pope, but by the head of the mighty Colonna family! Still being banned, he declares Johannes to be deposed and appoints an anti-pope, a certain Innocent IV.
1334: Zürich, Glarus and Bern join the Swiss.
1335: Heinrich of Tyrol dies without male heirs; Tyrol will fall to the house of Luxemburg, via his daughter who married into this house.
1336: Intrafamilial contract of the Przemyslids: King Otakar I of Bohemia gets Moravia and all of Silesia, while Wenzel II of Carinthia acquires Austria. He now governs all the German-speaking lands. Note that despite of their Czech name, the family of the Przemyslids is already more German than Czech, due to cultural influence and marriages with Germans.
Uprising in Flanders against unpopular count Ludwig II under brewer Jakob van Artevelde.
1339: Venice starts expanding on the terra firma.
1340: Due to different developments, the Lower Bavarian line of the Wittelsbachs continues. Bavaria stays split.
1342: Clemens VI elected pope. He's the last recognizable pope from OTL.
1346: Great famine in Europe.
1347: Black Death does not hit Europe. From now on, there's not much this Europe have in common with that of OTL. Overpopulated Europe suffers under population pressure. Some states less than others - England, Poland and Scandinavia still have a low population and can rather afford to grow; Germans go to the East, Hungarians to Romania, Spanish and Portuguese kick out the Moors and settle in their places - but France and Italy suffer much.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 8, 2023 20:18:59 GMT
Western Europe 1300-1350
1302: Flemish citizens massacre French occupation troops, defeat them in the battle of Kortrijk.
1303: Philippe the Fair excommunicated by the pope. Pope Boniface VIII seized by the French, has to go to Avignon. In the following decades, the (mostly French) popes will reign from here.
1306: Robert the Bruce crowned king of Scotland, starting the Bruce dynasty. Jews kicked out of France - the state is almost broke, and the king wants to take their money.
1307: King Edward I of England dies, after having defeated the Scots twice (not just once as OTL).
Knights Templar accused for heresy in France.
1309: Popes move to Avignon.
1310s: Scots defeat the English, thanks to their pike fighters. TTL Edward II of England starts in a better position, and isn't as incompetent as his OTL counterpart, but after many fights he gets tired too. So the Scots become independent again, only have to cede the territory south of the Firths (Wall of Antoninus).
1311/12: Knights Templar again accused for heresy in France.
1312: Flanders and France make peace; Flanders cedes French-speaking parts.
1314: Philippe the Fair dies. After the short reign of his first son Louis X (-1317) follows the latter's baby son Jean I. In the first years, his uncles Charles (-1323) and Philippe (-1327) reign in his name.
1315: Great famine in Europe.
1323: Aragon acquires Sardinia.
1326: Christoffer II of Denmark kicked out after he wants to tax the nobles and the church; now Gerhard III of Holstein effectively rules the country.
1331: Gerhard III of Holstein (the strong man in Denmark) marries countess Margarethe of Holland, Zeeland and Hennegau (in Wallonia).
1335: Unpopular king Pere IV of Aragon toppled by the nobles, who make the state a quasi nobles' Republic. The king is only the nominal ruler.
1336: Young French king Jean I starts a short war with Genoa.
1340: Castille and Portugal defeat the Moorish army; this is the last time an Arab army lands on Iberian soil.
1341: Breton War of Succession begins. France supports Charles of Blois, England John of Montfort - with the result that both are drawn into the war.
1344: Sea Battle of Blankenberge. English and Flemish defeat the French; England now rules the Channel and can land troops in Brittany.
1345: Scotland enters the war against England, hoping to get the lost lands back.
1346: Land Battle of Vannes, Brittany. Thanks to their longbows and the bad weather, the English defeat the French.
Great famine in Europe.
1347: Black Death does not hit Europe. From now on, there's not much this Europe have in common with that of OTL - in fact, the Breton war of Succession was the last recognizable event. Overpopulated Europe suffers under population pressure. Some states less than others - England, Poland and Scandinavia still have a low population and can rather afford to grow; Germans go to the East, Hungarians to Romania, Spanish and Portuguese kick out the Moors and settle in their places - but France and Italy suffer much.
1349: France acquires the Dauphiné.
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stevep
Fleet admiral
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Post by stevep on Jul 9, 2023 11:34:21 GMT
Western Europe 1300-13501302: Flemish citizens massacre French occupation troops, defeat them in the battle of Kortrijk. 1303: Philippe the Fair excommunicated by the pope. Pope Boniface VIII seized by the French, has to go to Avignon. In the following decades, the (mostly French) popes will reign from here. 1306: Robert the Bruce crowned king of Scotland, starting the Bruce dynasty. Jews kicked out of France - the state is almost broke, and the king wants to take their money. 1307: King Edward I of England dies, after having defeated the Scots twice (not just once as OTL). Knights Templar accused for heresy in France. 1309: Popes move to Avignon. 1310s: Scots defeat the English, thanks to their pike fighters. TTL Edward II of England starts in a better position, and isn't as incompetent as his OTL counterpart, but after many fights he gets tired too. So the Scots become independent again, only have to cede the territory south of the Firths (Wall of Antoninus).1311/12: Knights Templar again accused for heresy in France. 1312: Flanders and France make peace; Flanders cedes French-speaking parts. 1314: Philippe the Fair dies. After the short reign of his first son Louis X (-1317) follows the latter's baby son Jean I. In the first years, his uncles Charles (-1323) and Philippe (-1327) reign in his name. 1315: Great famine in Europe. 1323: Aragon acquires Sardinia. 1326: Christoffer II of Denmark kicked out after he wants to tax the nobles and the church; now Gerhard III of Holstein effectively rules the country. 1331: Gerhard III of Holstein (the strong man in Denmark) marries countess Margarethe of Holland, Zeeland and Hennegau (in Wallonia). 1335: Unpopular king Pere IV of Aragon toppled by the nobles, who make the state a quasi nobles' Republic. The king is only the nominal ruler. 1336: Young French king Jean I starts a short war with Genoa. 1340: Castille and Portugal defeat the Moorish army; this is the last time an Arab army lands on Iberian soil. 1341: Breton War of Succession begins. France supports Charles of Blois, England John of Montfort - with the result that both are drawn into the war. 1344: Sea Battle of Blankenberge. English and Flemish defeat the French; England now rules the Channel and can land troops in Brittany. 1345: Scotland enters the war against England, hoping to get the lost lands back. 1346: Land Battle of Vannes, Brittany. Thanks to their longbows and the bad weather, the English defeat the French. Great famine in Europe. 1347: Black Death does not hit Europe. From now on, there's not much this Europe have in common with that of OTL - in fact, the Breton war of Succession was the last recognizable event. Overpopulated Europe suffers under population pressure. Some states less than others - England, Poland and Scandinavia still have a low population and can rather afford to grow; Germans go to the East, Hungarians to Romania, Spanish and Portuguese kick out the Moors and settle in their places - but France and Italy suffer much. 1349: France acquires the Dauphiné.
If Edward II isn't as mind-numbing incompetent as OTL then the Scottish pike formations become pin-cushions for the English Archers but a restoration of the old Northumberian border - with the former [ancient] British area of Strathclyde added in would be a good result. However as you say Scotland would want the territory back and if due to his earlier success Edward II hasn't been replaced by his son by this time, or Edward III is less of a warrior that could be bad for England as well.
Which raises the point is Edward, whichever one in on the throne claiming the French crown here or is the conflict only just starting now and possibly limited to the Brittany succession, at least for the moment.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 13, 2023 9:56:09 GMT
He isn't. Rather average, but not truly incompetent.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 13, 2023 9:57:52 GMT
Rest of the world 1300-1400
14th century: Islam introduced in Darfur by the Tunjur.
Bantu-speaking Ovambo and Herero migrate from the north to OTL Namibia.
Mogadishu comes to prominence as a trade city.
1300+: Anasazi invade the Chaco-Canyon area, defeat Hohokam.
1303/23: Alexandrian earthquakes which destroy the Pharos of Alexandria.
1312-37: Kango / Kankan Musa in Mali, at its height of power.
1315: A Muslim prince of Nubian royal blood ascends the throne of Makuria as king.
1321: Beni Ammar establish independent dynasty in Libya.
1324: Mali Empire gains direct control over the city of Timbuktu. Mansa Musa makes Hajj; when he passes through Cairo in July, he's accompanied by five hundred slaves, each reportedly carrying a six-pound staff of gold. He spends out so much gold that it takes 12 years for the economy to recover,due to the rapid inflation that it initiated.
1325: Founding of Tenochtitlan. Musa returns from hajj; the Sankore Masjid in Timbuktu has been converted into a fully staffed Madrassa (Islamic school or in this case university) and with the largest collections of books in Africa since the Library of Alexandria, financed by a royal lady.
1325-1350: Ibn Battuta makes his famous journeys; first to Mecca (hajj), then to Choresm; after that, a second hajj, following that, East Africa; after that, Mecca again, then Constantinople and the lands of the Rum-Seljuks, and after that, the Sultanate of Delhi, but never has the opportunity to visit China and SE Asia, other than OTL. He later goes to Muslim Spain and the empire of Mali, though, and still writes about his journeys.
1331-51: Abu al-Hasan 'Ali reigns in Morocco. He conquers Tlemcen (Algeria) in 1337 and even manages to extend Morocco's rule to Tunisia in 1347-57. Later, his empire will fall apart again, though.
1343: Tepaneks unite the valley of Mexico.
1350: Last wave of immigrants to OTL New Zealand from the Society Islands.
~1350: Jolof begins dominating neighboring states such as Waalo. Start of the reign of N'Dyadya N'Dyaye.
Between 1350-1400: Cahokia abandoned.
1360: Civil War in Mali.
1375: Nimi a Nzima, the ruler of Mpemba Kasi makes an alliance with Nsaku Lau, ruler of neighboring Mbata, in which each would guarantee the succession of the other's state in the line of the two rulers making the agreement. The son and heir of this arrangement, Lukeni lua Nimi (often called Nimi a Lukeni) becomes the founder of Kongo around 1400.
1376: The Mexica elect their first tlatoani (=great speaker; means emperor), Acamapichtli. They are a tributary of Azcapotzalco.
1390: Kingdom of Kaffa founded in W Ethiopia.
End of 14th century: Ilé-Ifè (OTL SW Nigeria) declines, to be replaced by Oyo and Benin.
1400: Internal struggles and external attacks have torn Kanem-Bornu apart.
~1400: Oranyan founds the Empire of Oyo (in OTL Nigeria).
14th century: Lamu, Malindi in Kenya founded by Swahili.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 15, 2023 21:12:49 GMT
East Asia 1350-1400
1352 (3049, Yang Water Dragon): Black Death hits Dali in SW China.
1353-59 (3050, Yin Water Snake / 3056, Yin Earth Pig): Black Death sweeps through North China.
1355: Pagan empire struck by Black Death.
1355/56 (3052, Yin Wood Sheep / 3053, Yang Fire Monkey): Hong emperor strikes against Yangtse kingdom, divides it in two, then makes peace.
1357-60 (3054, Yin Fire Chicken / 3057, Yang Metal Rat): Hong emperor makes war against South Chinese coast kingdom, conquers Wengzhou, thereby dividing his strongest two enemies.
1358 (3055, Yang Earth Dog): Jin China demands from Hong emperor to pay tribute. He gives in, for the moment.
Black Death reaches Annam.
1360: Khmer hit by Black Death.
1362: Black Death in Goryeo.
1362-66 (3059, Yang Water Tiger / 3063, Yang Fire Horse): Hong emperor conquers upper Yangtse kingdom, Szechuan kingdom and Dali kingdom (the latter one wasn't Chinese yet).
1363: Lao kingdom of Lan Xang or Lan Ch'ang established.
1363/64: Black Death brought to Nippon by ships.
1364: Death of Gajah Mada, who reigned as Majapahit's prime minister since 1331. Under his government, Majapahit extended over most of OTL Indonesia's territory.
1365-71: Black Death sweeps through Sultanate of Delhi.
1366: Srivijaya conquered by Majapahit.
1367 (3064, Yin Fire Sheep): Border war of Hong and Pagan; the first ones are victorious, Pagan has to give conquered Chinese lands back and has to pay tribute.
1369 (3066, Yin Earth Chicken): Lower Yangtse kingdom conquered by Hong.
In Goryeo, the king gets rid of the Choe family that was the real power behind the throne for more than a century.
1370: Nipponese Emperor breaks free from the Hōjō Shogun, Muromachi time ends. Soon however, the Hatti family takes the post of Shogun and the power again.
1371-75 (3068, Yin Metal Pig / 3072, Yin Wood Rabbit): Hong emperor makes war against South Chinese coast kingdom. At first, the war is lead by land, but since the army of Hong isn't making progress fast enough, Hong starts to build a fleet of cannon-armed junks which bombard Canton and other cities. South China is united again.
1372-75: Various South Indian states are struck by the Black Death.
1376 (3073, Yang Fire Dragon): Annam becomes a Hong tributary. Champa throws off Annam's influence.
1379: When Khmer try to subjugate Lan Xang again, the Laots ask Hong China for help. Khmer empire has to back off.
1380: Nepal united for the first time.
1381 (3078, Yin Metal Chicken): Hong China stops paying tribute to the Jin. A new war starts. It proves now, however, that Jin China, although it seemed to be strong on the outside, it depends too much on mercenaries.
1382: In Thailand, Sukhothai has to submit to Ayutthaya.
1384 (3081, Yang Wood Rat): Hong emperor makes peace because unrest in Szechuan, southern provinces demand his undivided attention. Jin China cedes Kaifeng, Luoyang.
1385 (3082, Yin Wood Ox): First campaign against Japanese pirates around Tungning (OTL Taiwan).
Hong China and Annam make Champa a tributary again.
1387 (3084, Yin Fire Rabbit): War between Hong and Jin starts again.
1390: First war of the many that will follow between Ayutthaya and Khmer.
Goryeo enters the war on Hong China's side against Jin.
1392 (3089, Yang Water Monkey): Hong conquers Beijing, Jin empire destroyed. The surviving Jin leaders are decapitated. The emperor decides that the Great Wall is to be repaired and extended.
1394 (3091, Yang Wood Dog): Hong emperor destroys Nipponese pirates, sends his ships to Nippon, which has to give him proper respect. This is the first of many journeys his ships will make, to show the world that China is united and strong again.
Ryukyu Islands annexed by China.
~1400: Melaka (OTL Malacca) founded.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 27, 2023 5:52:06 GMT
Muslim world 1350-1400
1352: Mamluk Egypt allies with Sultanate of Konya against Choresm. The invade Syria together, defeat the Choresmian armies several times.
1353-55: Kay Khusrau IV of Rum attacks Bulgaria, takes the capital of Tarnovo.
1357: When Choresm is in a desperate situation, the Shah hires the Assassins to get rid of his enemies. The general of the Mamluks and the Sultan of Konya are killed. Kay Khusrau unites Konya with Rum again (and later removes the young heirs of his brother). He rules the succession, to avoid another split of the Empire for the future. Choresm makes peace, only gives northern Palestine back to Egypt.
1360: Karvuna (OTL Dobruja) is made a tributary of the Rum-Seljuks.
1361: Rum-Seljuks conquer Thessalia back and invade the duchy of Athens. The crusaders are now restricted to the Peloponnes, Epirus and the Aegaean islands.
1362: Shi'ite revolt in Persia begins, which will eventually lead to Persia becoming independent again.
1363: Caliphate in Baghdad abolished by Shi'ites; Seljuks now claim the Caliph title for themselves / their Abbasid puppets.
1364-69: Rum-Seljuks battle the allied Serbians and Bosnians, occupy their lands.
1365: Persians throw off the Choresmian yoke, forming a new Shi'ite empire under the Zahedid dynasty (named after an old Sufi order) that includes Azerbaijan and Mesopotamia. Afghanistan also becomes independent again.
1370: A new leader of the steppe people with the name Arik-Buqa who converted to Islam, together with the united people, starts what he calls a Jihad - although he'll also fight against other Muslims, if he perceives them as decadent.
1371: Rum-Seljuks pick up the pieces in Syria where the breakdown of the Choresmian empire left a power vacuum.
1374: Crusaders thrown out of Epirus. The Rum-Seljuks also try to conquer the Peloponnes, but are defeated by Teodoro of Monferrat, whom some people call "the last real knight". Black Death reaches Afghanistan.
1375: Arik-Buqa destroys the country of the Kirghiz, scattering their remains.
1377-81: Black Death hits Persia.
1378: Serbians rebel against the Muslims, but are brutally repressed. In the city of Niš, all adult people are killed. The sultan orders that the children are to be raised as Muslims - later they will turn into TTL's first Janissaries.
1378-85: Black Death strikes Choresm, preventing a reconquest of Persia.
1380: Trapezunt conquered by Rum-Seljuks.
1383-87: Rum-Seljuks cross the Danube, defeat the Hungarians several times, take control of Vlachia.
1384-90: Seljuk lands struck by Black Death, which helps them losing the Crusade. The little isolated country of Montenegro is spared by the plague, though.
1386-89: Arik-Buqa strikes against the weakened Choresm. After his hordes finally leave, as the historians say, "not even grass grows any more" in the north-eastern provinces.
1387-89: Egypt hit by Black Death.
1388-91: Last crusade. Hungarians and their allies can win some battles against the Seljuks, take Bosnia back, but no more.
1396-1400: After the Seljuks have somewhat recovered from the Black Death, they strike against Hungary again. They occupy Moldavia, Bosnia and Slavonia (East Croatia).
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stevep
Fleet admiral
Posts: 24,867
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Post by stevep on Jul 27, 2023 8:20:56 GMT
Muslim world 1350-14001352: Mamluk Egypt allies with Sultanate of Konya against Choresm. The invade Syria together, defeat the Choresmian armies several times. 1353-55: Kay Khusrau IV of Rum attacks Bulgaria, takes the capital of Tarnovo. 1357: When Choresm is in a desperate situation, the Shah hires the Assassins to get rid of his enemies. The general of the Mamluks and the Sultan of Konya are killed. Kay Khusrau unites Konya with Rum again (and later removes the young heirs of his brother). He rules the succession, to avoid another split of the Empire for the future. Choresm makes peace, only gives northern Palestine back to Egypt. 1360: Karvuna (OTL Dobruja) is made a tributary of the Rum-Seljuks. 1361: Rum-Seljuks conquer Thessalia back and invade the duchy of Athens. The crusaders are now restricted to the Peloponnes, Epirus and the Aegaean islands. 1362: Shi'ite revolt in Persia begins, which will eventually lead to Persia becoming independent again.1363: Caliphate in Baghdad abolished by Shi'ites; Seljuks now claim the Caliph title for themselves / their Abbasid puppets. 1364-69: Rum-Seljuks battle the allied Serbians and Bosnians, occupy their lands. 1365: Persians throw off the Choresmian yoke, forming a new Shi'ite empire under the Zahedid dynasty (named after an old Sufi order) that includes Azerbaijan and Mesopotamia. Afghanistan also becomes independent again. 1370: A new leader of the steppe people with the name Arik-Buqa who converted to Islam, together with the united people, starts what he calls a Jihad - although he'll also fight against other Muslims, if he perceives them as decadent. 1371: Rum-Seljuks pick up the pieces in Syria where the breakdown of the Choresmian empire left a power vacuum. 1374: Crusaders thrown out of Epirus. The Rum-Seljuks also try to conquer the Peloponnes, but are defeated by Teodoro of Monferrat, whom some people call "the last real knight". Black Death reaches Afghanistan. 1375: Arik-Buqa destroys the country of the Kirghiz, scattering their remains. 1377-81: Black Death hits Persia. 1378: Serbians rebel against the Muslims, but are brutally repressed. In the city of Niš, all adult people are killed. The sultan orders that the children are to be raised as Muslims - later they will turn into TTL's first Janissaries. 1378-85: Black Death strikes Choresm, preventing a reconquest of Persia. 1380: Trapezunt conquered by Rum-Seljuks. 1383-87: Rum-Seljuks cross the Danube, defeat the Hungarians several times, take control of Vlachia. 1384-90: Seljuk lands struck by Black Death, which helps them losing the Crusade. The little isolated country of Montenegro is spared by the plague, though. 1386-89: Arik-Buqa strikes against the weakened Choresm. After his hordes finally leave, as the historians say, "not even grass grows any more" in the north-eastern provinces. 1387-89: Egypt hit by Black Death. 1388-91: Last crusade. Hungarians and their allies can win some battles against the Seljuks, take Bosnia back, but no more. 1396-1400: After the Seljuks have somewhat recovered from the Black Death, they strike against Hungary again. They occupy Moldavia, Bosnia and Slavonia (East Croatia).
Is this historical? As far as I'm aware Iran was Sunni until forcibly converted by Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.
Sounds like the Seljuks are heading for their OTL dominance of much of the Balkans and ME, unless Arik-Buqa, who sounds like TTL's version of Tamerlane really screw the Ottomans over - but then the Ottomans survive him and bounced back quickly so the Seljuks might do likewise.
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 30, 2023 0:27:16 GMT
Muslim world 1350-14001352: Mamluk Egypt allies with Sultanate of Konya against Choresm. The invade Syria together, defeat the Choresmian armies several times. 1353-55: Kay Khusrau IV of Rum attacks Bulgaria, takes the capital of Tarnovo. 1357: When Choresm is in a desperate situation, the Shah hires the Assassins to get rid of his enemies. The general of the Mamluks and the Sultan of Konya are killed. Kay Khusrau unites Konya with Rum again (and later removes the young heirs of his brother). He rules the succession, to avoid another split of the Empire for the future. Choresm makes peace, only gives northern Palestine back to Egypt. 1360: Karvuna (OTL Dobruja) is made a tributary of the Rum-Seljuks. 1361: Rum-Seljuks conquer Thessalia back and invade the duchy of Athens. The crusaders are now restricted to the Peloponnes, Epirus and the Aegaean islands. 1362: Shi'ite revolt in Persia begins, which will eventually lead to Persia becoming independent again.1363: Caliphate in Baghdad abolished by Shi'ites; Seljuks now claim the Caliph title for themselves / their Abbasid puppets. 1364-69: Rum-Seljuks battle the allied Serbians and Bosnians, occupy their lands. 1365: Persians throw off the Choresmian yoke, forming a new Shi'ite empire under the Zahedid dynasty (named after an old Sufi order) that includes Azerbaijan and Mesopotamia. Afghanistan also becomes independent again. 1370: A new leader of the steppe people with the name Arik-Buqa who converted to Islam, together with the united people, starts what he calls a Jihad - although he'll also fight against other Muslims, if he perceives them as decadent. 1371: Rum-Seljuks pick up the pieces in Syria where the breakdown of the Choresmian empire left a power vacuum. 1374: Crusaders thrown out of Epirus. The Rum-Seljuks also try to conquer the Peloponnes, but are defeated by Teodoro of Monferrat, whom some people call "the last real knight". Black Death reaches Afghanistan. 1375: Arik-Buqa destroys the country of the Kirghiz, scattering their remains. 1377-81: Black Death hits Persia. 1378: Serbians rebel against the Muslims, but are brutally repressed. In the city of Niš, all adult people are killed. The sultan orders that the children are to be raised as Muslims - later they will turn into TTL's first Janissaries. 1378-85: Black Death strikes Choresm, preventing a reconquest of Persia. 1380: Trapezunt conquered by Rum-Seljuks. 1383-87: Rum-Seljuks cross the Danube, defeat the Hungarians several times, take control of Vlachia. 1384-90: Seljuk lands struck by Black Death, which helps them losing the Crusade. The little isolated country of Montenegro is spared by the plague, though. 1386-89: Arik-Buqa strikes against the weakened Choresm. After his hordes finally leave, as the historians say, "not even grass grows any more" in the north-eastern provinces. 1387-89: Egypt hit by Black Death. 1388-91: Last crusade. Hungarians and their allies can win some battles against the Seljuks, take Bosnia back, but no more. 1396-1400: After the Seljuks have somewhat recovered from the Black Death, they strike against Hungary again. They occupy Moldavia, Bosnia and Slavonia (East Croatia).
Is this historical? As far as I'm aware Iran was Sunni until forcibly converted by Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.
Sounds like the Seljuks are heading for their OTL dominance of much of the Balkans and ME, unless Arik-Buqa, who sounds like TTL's version of Tamerlane really screw the Ottomans over - but then the Ottomans survive him and bounced back quickly so the Seljuks might do likewise.
No, after the Black Death was butterflied to happen later, pretty much everything may change. Like this thing.
(Shiites are hard to estimate since they are allowed to pretend they were Sunni if in danger of persecution. That's why officially they make up 10% of Muslims, but may be up to 30%. But who can tell?)
Yes, the Seljuks essentially replace the Ottomans (who were just one of their tribes).
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Post by Max Sinister on Jul 30, 2023 0:28:36 GMT
Now going on...
Russian lands 1350-1400
until 1350s: Hungary extends its influence over the western Kumans (west of the Dniepr).
Since ~1350: Vladimir-Suzdal and later Chernigov start to expand into the woodlands between Volga and Ural (the former) and the area between the triangle Ryazan-Volgograd-Samara (the latter). The Muslim or pagan people living there are converted by force and assimilated, or killed and displaced.
1360: Teutonic Order buys Estonia from Denmark (the king needs money for his war against the vassals).
1375: In an alliance with Hungary, the Teutonic Order conquers the princedom of Halicz-Volhyn, which is divided between them. The Teutonic part is object of German immigration and germanization too, and later forms the province of Wolhynien. Some Volhynians flee to the princedom of Kiev, which gains in importance by their influx.
1380s: When steppe people leader Arik-Buqa drives the Kara-Kitai and other Siberian people west, they also harass the Volga area. Eastern Russian princes make Vsevolod V Yuryevich of Vladimir-Suzdal their leader, to fight them.
1381: The western and south-western states from Smolensk to Chernigov elect the most popular of them, prince Vladimir V Rostislavich of Kiev, their leader, seeking protection against the Teutonic Order, the Kumans and the Hungarians.
1383: The patriarch of Kiev crowns Vladimir V Czar of all Rus. The difference between the South / West and Vladimir-Suzdal that already was apparent becomes even more outspoken. Main reason: While the West had to deal mainly with the Teutonic Order (and Novgorod in addition with Sweden), and the South with the Kumans, who had to retreat from the arriving Kara-Kitai (who fled again before Arik-Buqa, it's complicated...), Vladimir and its allies looked more to the East, where the Volga Bulgarians and Hungarians are.
1388: Russian schism begins, when the metropolitan of Vladimir and the patriarch of Kiev excommunicate each other, driven by the Czar / Grand Prince of Vladimir respectively.
1394-96: Black Death sweeps through Southern Russian states.
1397: Western Russian states struck by Black Death.
1397-1401: Novgorod hit by Black Death.
1399-1402: Black Death reaches Vladimir-Suzdal and other eastern Russian states.
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Post by Max Sinister on Aug 2, 2023 17:26:15 GMT
Central Europe 1350-1400
General tendencies:
The popes centralize the Catholic church more and more, and also try to make more and more money. Selling of indulgences is wide-spread and often criticized.
The kings of the Holy Roman Empire have more and more difficulties to do any politics in the HRE - they need too much money to be elected, to be crowned emperor (if at all), and everything else.
While the artisans and merchants in the cities make more and more money, the knights and lesser nobles don't. As a result, many become "robber barons" and oppress their peasants.
1353: First university in the HRE founded (in Innsbruck, Tyrol). Vienna, Prague and Heidelberg soon follow.
1354: Switzerland conquers the lands of the Rudolfine sideline of the Habsburgs, Aargau and Thurgau. The Habsburgs are angry, and the Roman emperor even is on their side, but when he dies, the Habsburgs have to fight alone.
1357: Golden Bull in the HRE: It says that the Roman king is elected solely by the seven electors, the pope isn't necessary. The seven electors are the same ones as OTL.
1362: Grote Mandränke (great man-drinking; a big flood) in the German Sea. More than 100,000 people are said to have died.
1363: Anjou dynasty in Hungary dies out. The nobles elect Wladyslaw IV of Poland new king.
1366: Venice defeats its old rival Genoa. However, in reality both powers have already somewhat suffered since the rise of the Rum-Seljuks and the fall of Constantinople.
1368: Famine in Western Europe.
1370: Maffeo Servitore is born.
1371: Beggars' hordes moving through Italy actually manage to overwhelm the government of Parma. A radical preacher and the government which couldn't pay the mercenaries anymore also can be blamed for the revolution. Since the other little states of Italy are in a similar situation, having to fight religious movements and beggars, and often being close to financial collapse, they can't interfere. In the city, all the property of the church, all opponents of the new government, and many people considered to be "too rich" is confiscated and divided among the people.
In Hungary, after the death of incompetent and often absent king Kazimierz / Kázmér / Casimir, the nobles elect Sigismund of Luxemburg.
1375-78: Süddeutscher Städtebund (South German league of cities) formed. Various South German princes, led by those of Württemberg and Habsburg, fight them. With the help of the Swiss, the cities stay victorious, and other than IOTL, their alliance isn't interdicted by the Roman king. In this war, the Habsburgs lose most of their territories except Freiburg with the Black Forest.
1376: Giovanni de Medici gets dictatorial power in Florence. Since the republic feels threatened by the beggars roaming in Italy, the Medici can keep their power.
1379: Vaclav III, last of the Bohemian Przemyslids, dies. The duke Heinrich II of Austria and Carinthia inherits Bohemia, Moravia and (parts of) Silesia, which makes him the mightiest prince of the HRE by far.
1380: Florence, which already has taken over other city states like Pistoia and Arezzo, now conquers Ghibelline Pisa, acquiring a harbor (later replaced by Livorno).
1383: Another famine in Western Europe.
1386: The Czechs rebel against king Heinrich's rule. In fact, a lot of ressentiment caused by hunger, poverty and some religious quarrels is mixed in. The deposed king tries to reconquer his lands from Austria and Silesia, but since the other princes of the HRE (including the Roman king) aren't interested in helping him, Hungary has to deal with the Seljuks and Poland with the Teutonic Order, noone helps him. In Bohemia, the property of the church is confiscated, preaching in Czech and the translation of the Bible legalized, and some other reforms implemented.
1387: Florence defends successfully against various mercenary groups who roam through Italy after the First Aquitainian War ended. The family degli Albizzi tries to cooperate with the mercenaries to oust the Medici from power, but are banned.
1389: The victorious Czechs form a quasi-republic, with a parliament that elects a king. The nobles, the church, the peasants and the cities send representatives to it, one quarter each. Heinrich has to accept the Czech independance, only gets the southernmost parts of Bohemia and Moravia (which are German-settled). The electorate of Bohemia officially goes to Austria.
1391: A group of radical Begines (=religious movement) topples the bishop of Utrecht, Eastern Netherlands, working together with his peasants. Although they're relatively peaceful, and probably couldn't have lasted in a war, the stupid bishop manages to anger all his potential allies in the area (the Netherlands are divided between Holstein-Holland-Hennegau, Luxemburg-Limburg, Brabant, Geldern and the (quasi-)republics of Flanders and Frisia at this time). So the new republic continues.
1392/93: Black Death strikes Hungary, being introduced by returning crusaders. The king also dies of it.
1394/95: Black Death hits the HRE. Poland is also affected, but by imposing a quarantine it's mostly saved; so is Flanders. Persecuted Jews flee to Poland, Flanders, Seljuk Balcans.
1394: Black Death arrives in Venice.
Yet another famine in Western Europe.
1395: Other Italian states are hit by the Black Death (although there are some exceptions, like Florence and Savoy). The divine republic of Parma is especially shocked - their preachers promised them that God would spare them, which doesn't happen.
1396: The lands of the Teutonic Order are struck by Black Death.
1399: Florence buys Corsica from Genoa. The current ruler, Cosimo de Medici, plans to build up a fleet and becoming a naval power in the Mediterranean.
As a fast result of the Black Death, two new addictions spread through Europe: Liquor, known by the alchemists for longer time already, is (mis-)used as a cure against the plague. So is tobacco, which is brought from the New World and sold for high prices.
The Jews have to suffer under pogroms ITTL too. Many have to flee from their places, especially in Castille and Germany.
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Post by Max Sinister on Aug 5, 2023 12:35:10 GMT
Western Europe 1350-1400
1350: Battle of Blaye, Aquitaine (50 km north of Bordeaux). Another victory for the English.
since 1350: The Canary islands are missionarized by Aragonese, after being (re-)discovered earlier.
1350-75: Due to growing demand for food, Denmark, Norway, Scotland, England, Brittany, Navarre and Portugal extend fishery in the North Atlantic, going farther and farther west. Soon, tales of strange islands in the far west start to spread among fishermen and sailors.
1351: Peasants' revolts in France start, making it even more difficult to fight the English.
1352: After sultan Yusuf of Granada misses to pay one tribute in time, Castille attacks and conquers the country. The last hold of the Muslims in Iberia has fallen. The Reconquista is over, now the Conquista begins.
Sweden conquers Skane (South Sweden) from Denmark.
1353: France has to make peace with England after the defeat in the battle of Caen. John of Montfort becomes duke of Brittany, England gets all of Gascony (similar as in the peace of OTL 1360), Flanders acquires the Artois.
1354: Free to make war against Scotland, the English defeat them soon. The pre-war border is restored.
1355: The French queen Isabelle deposes her incompetent husband, makes her son Jean II king. (His father planned to give several duchies from the crown's domain to his sons, as appanage. If that plan had been realized, the French kings would've lost half of their power, since he had no less than four surviving sons. Instead, the queen promises them lands that have yet to be conquered, in the English territory.)
Portuguese king Fernando I deposed because of unspeakable cruelty, his younger brother Diniz II takes the power.
1360: Juan I, unpopular king of Castille, deposed by his brother Pedro I with English help. Start of English-Castillian friendship.
since 1360: After coming of age, Danish king Henrik II tries to subdue his vassals, especially mighty Holstein, but is defeated and loses most power. Jutland is now completely under Holstein's control.
1361-64: Hanseatic League defeats Sweden-Norway in a trade war.
1363: Castille takes over the Canaries, starts to settle them in the following decades.
1365: Norwegians are unhappy with king Magnus, make David / Daibidh II of Scotland king instead.
1366: Burgundy goes to France. In the same year, the French start the war against England again. Since they have learned how devastating the English / Welsh longbows are, they avoid open fight - with success.
1368: Famine in Western Europe. Growing unrest (again!) in France hampers the war against England.
After the defeat of king Henrik's forces in Denmark against the mighty nobles, some of them flee to Bornholm, forming the Bornholm Brotherhood, starting piracy in the Baltic.
1370: The pope Clemens VII agrees after diplomatic pressure (and because the growing unrest in Italy endangers the Papal state) to return to Rome.
1381: The Danish prince Harald goes on a journey with some fishermen, interested in their tales of lands in the west. They land in Newfoundland (later named Prince-Haralds-Land), meeting some Indians. Prince Harald claims the land in the name of the Danish king, returns to Europe together with some Indians, presenting them the astonished courts of Europe. In the following years, several other ships will go to the New World, return with plants and animals. After the first curiosity has ebbed, people in Europe mostly don't care about anymore, though. A few fishermen make settlement on Prince-Haralds-Land, Cape Cod and Manhattan, but that's all for the moment. The Indians still influence scholars - before, people thought that humans in far away countries might have no heads and a face on the belly, or wolf's heads, or a single giant foot, which obviously isn't the case. Some people start to wonder how the lands might look like.
Portugal conquers the city of Ceuta. They start exploring the West African coast, looking for a route to Mali with its famous riches of gold.
1383: Another famine in Western Europe.
1384: Not to be outdone, Castille attacks Morocco, conquers Melilla and Tétouan.
1385: England and France make peace again. The English lose what they conquered in the last war, back to the borders of 1340.
1387: Prince Harald makes a second journey to America, coming as far as Manhattan this time. A scholar who accompanied him brings an interesting new weed to Europe - the tobacco.
1392: Portugal discovers and takes claim of Madeira. (Well, here again it's very possible that the Genoese were there before...)
1394: Yet another famine in Western Europe.
1396: Black Death arrives in Denmark, France.
1397/98: Scandinavia, Iberia (except Aragon) and England are struck by Black Death.
1399: Black Death strikes Scotland.
1400: Ireland is hit by the Black Death.
As a fast result of the Black Death, two new addictions spread through Europe: Liquor, known by the alchemists for longer time already, is (mis-)used as a cure against the plague. So is tobacco, which is brought from the New World and sold for high prices.
The Jews have to suffer under pogroms ITTL too. Many have to flee from their places, especially in Castille and Germany.
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Post by Max Sinister on Aug 9, 2023 14:36:49 GMT
East Asia 1400-1450
15th century generally: Sultanate of Brunei starts to expand over Borneo. Hong China sends caravans along the Silk Road to Choresm, starting diplomatic relations.
Since 1400: Nipponese start copying Chinese arms (bamboo guns, cannons) - the first ones are smuggled in - , and improving them.
1400-02 (3097, Yang Metal Dragon / 3099, Yang Water Horse): First voyage of Chinese Treasure Ships. They travel to Pasai (Sumatra), Melaka (OTL Malacca), Ayutthaya, Khmer, Pagan, to arrive in Calicut.
1403 (3100, Yin Water Sheep): China establishes a trade post at Aparri, Luzon, OTL Philippines.
1404-06 (3101, Yang Wood Monkey / 3103, Yang Fire Dog): Second voyage of Chinese Treasure Ships. They travel to Calicut again, and also visit Sri Lanka, which king accepts the Hong as supreme rulers.
1407-09 (3104, Yin Fire Pig / 3106, Yin Earth Ox): Third voyage of Chinese Treasure Ships. This time they go east, to Brunei, Majapahit, and even discover the north coast of OTL Australia (although they aren't interested in the latter).
1408 (3105, Yang Earth Rat): The ruler of Melaka marries a Chinese noblewoman, starts paying a small tribute to China. This is one of many signs of the cultural changes brought to SE Asia by the Chinese.
1410s: Mongol incursions under Baraq Khan on Chinese territory force the Chinese to interfere. They support the Merkites, splitting their enemies in two.
1416-19 (3113, Yang Fire Monkey / 3116, Yin Earth Pig): The great voyage: Chinese Treasure Ships go to Hormuz, visit Persia and open diplomatic relations, and a part of them sails down the African coast to Mozambique. Following them, Chinese merchants open new trade connections. Although under the Hong trade is still somewhat despised, they tend to accept it as a necessary evil - especially since the revenue isn't something to sneer upon.
1419: Grand Canal between South and North China renewed.
1420s: Civil War in Majapahit. China intervenes here, too. By playing out the empires of Melaka and Majapahit against each other, they put sure that neither gains the upper hand.
1421: Deccan Sultanate becomes independent from Delhi Sultanate.
1422 (3119, Yang Water Tiger): Chiang Mai (OTL Northern Thailand) pays tribute to Hong.
1425/26 (3122, Yin Wood Snake / 3123, Yang Fire Horse): Annamese uprising defeated.
1430s: Inner conflicts in Pagan split the country in two halfs. One of them, the Pegu dynasty (from the city with the same name), asks Hong China for help, gaining control of the rest of OTL Burma. China's sphere of influence now borders India.
1439 (3136, Yang Earth Horse): A general in Goryeo topples the king, adopts Confucianism as new state religion.
1446 (3143, Yang Wood Tiger): Thai conquer Angkor Wat, threaten to destroy the Khmer empire. Khmer appeal to the Hong Emperor to help them. The emperor agrees, threatens Thai; when the latter refuse, war starts in 1447 (3144, Yin Wood Rabbit).
1450 (3147, Yang Metal Horse): Thai are defeated, have to pay tribute to China.
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Post by Max Sinister on Aug 16, 2023 22:18:24 GMT
Muslim world 1400-1450
Since 1400: Shi'ite rulers of Persia start persecuting the Ismailite minority. The Assassins fight back, but have lost their edge.
1402: Rum-Seljuks make an alliance with the Barbary pirates of North Africa. Their first combined strike goes against Genoa, which loses its islands in the Aegaean Sea.
1406: Rum-Seljuks try to conquer Montenegro and are surprisingly beaten back by the Montenegrins.
1409/10: Rum-Seljuks conquer the Peloponnes, plus the Venetian islands in the Aegaean Sea. A bit later, the Ionian islands also fall.
1414-18: For the first time for centuries, people in Western Europe are horrified again of "Asian hordes": A Seljuk-Barbary fleet crosses the Adria, lands near Taranto / Otranto, sweeps through Apulia. The king of Naples is horrified and asks anyone he can contact for help. Not that successful: France is still locked in a hard war with England and Castille; the Hungarian king would actually like to help, but the powerful nobles forbid him to send an army south while Hungary proper is threatened; the northern Italian states are busy mopping up the smaller states in the region. The pope calls for a crusade, but even that doesn't help much. Being desperate, the king makes an alliance with Naples' old enemy, Aragon, ceding Sicily officially, for once and ever, to them. The new alliance manages to defeat the Seljuks in the South. Especially their cannons help them a lot to reconquer the cities. Only Taranto and Bari in Apulia are held by the Seljuks. In 1418, an armistice is made - but both sides plan to restart war, when the time is right.
1425-36: The Great Napolitan War. After the Seljuks managed to hire an expatriate Italian willing to equip their army with cannons, they restart the war.
1426: King Ferran of Aragon takes Oran for Christianity.
1427: France enters the war on Naples' side.
1429: Circass dynasty comes to power in Egypt.
1431: After the French almost managed to defeat the Rum-Seljuks, the latter are exceptionally lucky: During the battle, the king is captured. He has to promise to leave the war to be released again. Now the tides of war turn again.
1436: The greater part of Naples becomes Seljuk. Only the western third with Pescara, Benevent, and Naples itself survives as a tributary.
1440s: The Carbonari (charburners), the anti-Seljuk resistance in Naples, start to form.
1441: Palestine (including the Sinai) becomes Seljuk.
1445: The Holy Cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, accept the Rum-Seljuk sultan as Caliph.
1448: Venice loses Dalmatia to the Seljuks, only keeps Istria.
1449: Rasulids in Yemen completely defeated by Zaidites.
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Post by Max Sinister on Aug 19, 2023 19:17:51 GMT
Russian lands 1400-1450
1409: Last Rostislavich ruler of Kiev dies.
1413-22: Vladimir-Suzdal wants to solve the Russian schism by war, but Kiev and Chernigov ally with Novgorod and Smolensk against it, and manage to win. Vladimir-Suzdal has to acknowledge the patriarch of Kiev as leader of the Orthodox church again. The schism is thus ended.
1431: Since Hungary has trouble with the Bohemian theocracy, and the current king isn't that competent, Kiev manages to conquer back the areas Hungary took from Halich-Volhyn in 1375.
1432-35: Poland conquers the princedom of Smolensk. Since the anti-Vladimir coalition fell apart already, nobody in the Russian states helps them.
(Yes, this might need some improvement.)
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